Table 2.
Main characteristics of included studies investigating the risk of asthma in patients with varying severity of OSA
| Author, year, Country | Population | Co-exist Asthma | AgeΦ (years) | BMIΦ (kg/cm2) | Male gender (%) | Study design, Quality of study | Severity of asthma | Results and implications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Robichaud-Hallé et al. 2012 [36] Canada |
N = 48 (Severe OSA group) | 9 | 55.5 | 33.9 (7.4) | 65 |
Cross-sectional, AHRQ = 7 |
Routine | Severe OSA is associated with severe multimorbidity and sub-scores of multimorbidity, including asthma |
| N = 36 (Moderate OSA group) | 13 | |||||||
|
Gutierrez et al. 2013 [37] USA |
N = 57 (Moderate/severe OSA group) | 24 | 6.1 (0.3) | 20.1 (0.6) | 60.3 |
Cross-sectional, AHRQ = 7 |
Routine | Asthma is associated with REM-related breathing abnormalities in children with moderate-severe OSA. The link between asthma and REM-related OSA is independent of asthma control and obesity |
| N = 84 (Mild OSA group) | 38 | |||||||
|
Greenberg-Dotan et al. 2014 [30] Israel |
N = 593 (Severe OSA group) | 50 | 55.5 (11.1) | N/A | 76.5 |
Cross-sectional, AHRQ = 7 |
Routine | Patients with asthma and combined COPD/asthma showed no difference in the risks of these co-morbidities between those with and without OSA |
| N = 445 (Moderate OSA group) | 44 | |||||||
|
Pinto et al. 2016 [38] Brazil |
N = 50 (Severe OSA group) | 4 | 50.1 (12.9) | 29.0 (5.0) | 84 |
Cross-sectional, AHRQ = 7 |
Routine | In the study, only 4% of patients had asthma associated with OSA, although it has not presented expressive values; only patients with severe apnea had associated asthma |
| N = 34 (Moderate OSA group) | 0 | |||||||
|
Tamanyan et al. 2016 [39] Australia |
N = 75 (Moderate/severe OSA group) | 19 | 6.8 (3.2) | N/A | 58.9 |
Cross-sectional, AHRQ = 7 |
Not mentioned | In addition to ethnicity (non-Caucasian) and paternal smoking, obesity and a history of asthma and/or allergic rhinitis were not found to be associated with the severity of sleep-disordered breathing |
| N = 76 (Mild OSA group) | 12 | |||||||
|
Bonsignore et al. 2018 [35] Italy |
N = 5578 (Severe OSA group) | 241 | 53.5 (11.9) | 32.9 (7.8) | 74.8 |
Cross-sectional, AHRQ = 8 |
Routine | The overall risk of physician-diagnosed asthma was around 5%, with the expected higher risk in women compared with men. The risk of asthma was highest in OSA-free subjects, with a tendency to progressively decrease with increasing OSA severity |
| N = 7019 (Mild/moderate OSA group) | 341 | |||||||
|
Tveit et al. 2018 [40] Norway |
N = 613 (Moderate/severe OSA group) | 86 | 48.6 (17.6) | N/A | 70.6 |
Cross-sectional, AHRQ = 7 |
Routine | There was no association between OSA severity and stroke, COPD, and asthma in the patient group |
| N = 558 (Mild OSA group) | 93 |
Φpresented as mean (SD); OSA; obstructive sleep apnea. BMI; body mass index. AHI; apnea/hypopnea index. NOS; Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. AHRQ; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. N/A; not available