Table 1.

Systematic review of transport systems^a

Interventions	Roads, cycle paths, and pavements/walkways	Railways	Shipping and waterways
Investments and maintenance	Egan et al. (2011) New roads and human health	Havârneanu et al. (2015) A systematic review of the literature on safety measures to prevent railway suicides and trespassing accidents
	Benítez‐López et al. (2010) The impacts of roads and other infrastructure on mammal and bird populations: A meta‐analysis
	Cavil et al. (2008) Economic analyses of transport infrastructure and policies including health effects related to cycling and walking	Bastiaanssen et al. (2020) Does transport help people to gain employment? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the empirical evidence
	Hine et al. (2015) The poverty reduction impact of rural roads: a systematic review; and Hine et al. (2019). Evidence on impact of rural roads on poverty and economic development	Kasraian et al. (2016)
		Long‐term impacts of transport infrastructure networks on land‐use change: an international review of empirical studies
Information and incentives	Ogilvie et al. (2004) Promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars: Systematic review
Policy and regulatory environment	Heath et al. (2006) The effectiveness of urban design and land use and transport policies and practices to increase physical activity: A systematic review		Vieira et al. (2014) Governance, governance models and port performance: A systematic review

^a Air transport excluded as no relevant reviews were found. A reviewer mentioned an on‐going review of Air Transport in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries by Foster and Bofinger, which we will include if we locate it.