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. 2023 Mar 30;23:194. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-03894-2

Table 3.

Comparison of the results of the GDS survey conducted before and during the pandemic, 40 respondents

Wilcoxon test
GDS Mean ± SD N z-value p
All respondents
 before the pandemic 2.88 ± 2.13 40 0.07 0.94
 during the pandemic 3.05 ± 2.89
Respondents aged 65 years or less
 before the pandemic 2.07 ± 1.21 14 1.4606 0.1441
 during the pandemic 1.57 ± 1.5
Respondents aged 66 years or more
 before the pandemic 3.31 ± 2.40 26 -0.8163 0.4143
 during the pandemic 3.85 ± 3.16
Respondents with good health
 before the pandemic 2.38 ± 1.79 24 0.996 0.319
 during the pandemic 2.13 ± 2.07
Respondents with poor health
 before the pandemic 3.63 ± 2.42 16 -0.808 0.419
 during the pandemic 4.44 ± 3.43
One child in foster care
 before the pandemic 2.82 ± 1.91 28 0.965 0.334
 during the pandemic 2.61 ± 2.59
More than one child in foster care
 before the pandemic 3 ± 2.66 12 -1.467 0.142
 during the pandemic 4.08 ± 3.4
The oldest child in foster care aged 10 years or less
 before the pandemic 3.54 ± 2.67 13 2.15 0.0313
 during the pandemic 2.77 ± 2.59
The oldest child in foster care, aged 11 or more
 before the pandemic 2.56 ± 1.78 27 -1.246 0.213
 during the pandemic 3.19 ± 3.06