Table 2:

Differences Between Prosthetic and Intact Limbs

Summary	Step Length Differences (m):	Stance Time Differences (s):	Stance Time Differences (% gait cycle):	Overall Hip RoM Differences (°):	Overall Knee RoM Differences (°):	Overall Ankle RoM Differences (°):
Ranges by Level of Limb Loss	Control= 0.003 – 0.01	Control= 0.001 – 0.02	Control= 0.71	Control= NR	Control= 1.5	Control= NR
	TT= 0.01 – 0.12	TT= 0.01 – 0.04	TT= 0.07 – 5.15	TT= 0.63 – 3.05	TT= 1.43 – 14.6	TT= 0.8 – 12.2
	TF= 0.008 – 0.164	TF= 0.01 – 0.24	TF= 5.0 – 20.7	TF= 3.72 – 19.0	TF= 1.01 – 16.7	TF= 2.4 – 7.7
Ranges by Prosthetic Feet	SACH= 0.05	SACH= NR	SACH= NR	SACH= NR	SACH= NR	SACH= NR
	ESAR= 0.01 – 0.13	ESAR= 0.04 – 0.07	ESAR= 0.3 – 8.0	ESAR= 0.63 – 1.47	ESAR= 1.43 – 3.19	ESAR= 2.4 – 12.2
Ranges by Prosthetic Knees	Hydraulic= 0.04 – 0.09	Hydraulic= 0.07 – 0.11	Hydraulic= 7.4	Hydraulic= 8.75	Hydraulic= 1.01 – 13.4	Hydraulic= NR
	MPKs= 0.03 –0.07	MPKs= 0.03 – 0.13	MPKs= 5.3	MPKs= 3.72	MPKs= 1.26 – 16.74	MPKs= NR

Table 2: Summary of studies (31 total) that reported raw values for prosthetic and intact limbs or differences between limbs in meters (m), seconds (s), % of the gait cycle, or degrees (°) for step length, stance time, or overall sagittal range of motion (RoM) at the hip, knee, and ankle. Studies that measured stance time either reported values in seconds or % of the gait cycle, so these are reported separately. Results are taken from level ground walking conditions at self-selected walking speeds. Baseline conditions and intermediate walking speeds were chosen if multiple conditions or speeds were tested. Normalized symmetry percentages calculated from these raw values are reported in Table 3. NR= not reported, TT= individuals who use unilateral transtibial prostheses, TF= individuals who use unilateral transfemoral prostheses, IULLPs= individuals who use unilateral lower-limb prostheses, SACH= solid ankle cushion heel, ESAR= energy storage and return, MPK= microprocessor knee.