Table 1. P. aeruginosa airway receptors.
| Airway receptors | Type of cells used to evidence airway receptors | Location in healthy airways | Pathological epithelia | PA adhesin | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glycosphingolipids (Lipid rafts components) | Asialo GM1 (GalNAcβ1-4Gal disaccharides) | Primary human nasal epithelial cells (differentiated and not differentiated) | Basal cell membrane | Specific apical membrane expression by regenerating epithelium or CF epithelium | - Type IV pili (C-terminal part) - Flagella |
[16,127–131] |
| Globotriaosylceramide Gb3 (CD77, αGal–βGal–βGlc–Cer saccharides) | Cell lines (H1299 kc, A549) | Unknown | - | LecA | [132–137] | |
| N-glycoproteins | N-glycans | Cell lines (Calu 3) Primary bronchial cell | Apical membrane mainly (expressed on basal cell membrane, but few interactions with PA) | Enhanced expression in damaged epithelium | Type IV pili | [109,138,139]* |
| CFTR | Cell lines (CFT-1, CFBE41o-, A549, WI-38) Primary human bronchial epithelial cells (differentiated) | Apical membrane | Decreased expression in dedifferentiated and remodeled epithelium | LPS | [140–145] | |
| Integrins | α5β1 integrin–Fibronectin | Cell lines (16HBE) Primary nasal cells (differentiated) | Absent in normal airways | Apically exposed and overexpressed in repairing epithelium | OprQa | [70,71,146–148] |
| αvβ5 integrin–Vitronectin | Bronchial tissue | Unknown | Increased expression in repairing epithelium or inflamed epithelium | OprD | [149–152] | |
| Proteoglycans | HSPG (Heparan sulfate proteoglycans) (HS chain) | Cell lines (Calu 3, 16HBE) Primary nasal cell | Basal cell membrane mainly | Apically increased during epithelial injury and dedifferentiation | Flagella | [109,138,153,154]* |
| ECM | Laminin Type I and IV collagens | Not applicable | Basement membrane (ECM beneath the epithelium) | Accessible only in injured epithelium | OprD, OprG, EstA, PA3923b | [14,155,156] |
CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator; ECM, extracellular matrix; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; OMP, outer membrane protein; PA, P. aeruginosa.
aRoger and colleagues described a 50-kDa OMP, probably corresponding to the OprQ porin described later by Arhin and colleagues.
bde Bentzmann and colleagues described 60 kDa OMPs, probably corresponding to the OprD, OprG, EstA, PA3923a porin described later by Paulsson and colleagues.