Table 2.
AGE inhibitor drug candidates that to Phase 3 clinical trials
| Drug candidate | Clinical trial and outcome | Current status | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aminoguanidine | Phase 3 trial in patients with Type 2 diabetic nephropathy; terminated due to toxic side effects | No longer in development | [166] |
| Pyridoxamine (Pyridorin) | Phase 3 trial in patients with diabetic nephropathy; showed efficacy in patients with early disease stages | Other trials are ongoing1 | [167] |
| Thiamine | Pilot clinical trials in patients with Type 2 diabetes and micro-albuminuria; demonstrated efficacy | Phase 3 trial is not planned | [56,168] |
| ALT-711 | Phase 3 trial in sedentary adults with arterial stiffness; demonstrated no efficacy. | No longer in development2 | [169] |
| TRC4186 | Phases 1 and 2 trials in diabetic patients with heart failure; demonstrated efficacy | Phase 3 trial is planned3 | [170] |
1
A pilot clinical trial “AGEs and bone material strength in Type 2 diabetes” is underway (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03778580);
2
Thirteen trials involving Alagebrium (ALT-711) (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00739687, NCT00516646, NCT00557518, NCT00662116, NCT00089713, NCT00043836, NCT01417663, NCT01913301, NCT01014572, NCT00045981, NCT00045994, NCT00302250, NCT00277875)
3
a Phase 3 clinical trial in patients with heart failure, diastolic dysfunction and Type 2 diabetes has been announced (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04507347).