Table 1.

Proteins with diverse functions are required for crossover interference

Protein	Species	Function	Interference assay	Reference
Synaptonemal complex (SC)
Zip1	S. cerevisiae	Transverse filament of the SC	NPD ratio	Sym and Roeder, 1994
SYP-1	C. elegans		Cytology	Libuda et al., 2013
Zyp1	A. thaliana		Cytology	Capilla-Pérez et al., 2021
Asy1	A. thaliana		Cytology	Lambing et al. 2020
Zep1	O. sativa		Cytology	Wang et al., 2010
Sycp1	M. musculus		Cytology	de Boer et al., 2006
DPY-28	C. elegans	Condensin I subunit; chromosomal axis formation	Cytology	Tsai et al., 2008
Regulating CO formation
Msh4-Msh5	S. cerevisiae	Binds Holliday junctions; facilitates CO formation	NPD ratio	Novak et al., 2001; Argueso et al,. 2004; Getz et al., 2008
			NPD ratio and CoC	Nishant et al., 2010
			CoC	Anderson et al., 2015
Zip3	S. cerevisiae	SUMO E3 ligase; required for SC formation and CO formation	CoC	Anderson et al., 2015
Mlh1-Mlh3	S. cerevisiae	Endonuclease; binds and resolves Holliday junctions	NPD ratio	Argueso et al,. 2003
Slx4	S. cerevisiae	Endonuclease; resolves Holliday junctions	NPD ratio	Higashide and Shinohara, 2016
Sgs1	S. cerevisiae	DNA helicase; chromosome synapsis; meiotic joint molecule and CO formation	NPD ratio	Oh et al., 2007
			CoC	Anderson et al., 2015
Blm	D. melanogaster		CoC	Hatkevich et al., 2017
Mer3	S. cerevisiae	DNA helicase; promotes CO formation	NPD ratio	Nakagawa and Ogawa, 1999
Spo16	S. cerevisiae	Facilitates SC and CO formation	NPD ratio	Shinohara et al., 2008
Spo22 (Zip4)	S. cerevisiae	TPR-like repeat protein; facilitates SC formation and CO formation	NPD ratio	Tsubouchi et al., 2006; Shinohara et al., 2008
Pch2	S. cerevisiae	Regulating chromosome synapsis and CO formation	NPD ratio	Joshi et al., 2009; Zanders and Alani, 2009
Pch2	A. thaliana		CoC	Lambing et al., 2015
RTEL-1	C. elegans	CO formation	Cytology	Youds et al., 2010
DNA damage check point
Tel1	S. cerevisiae	Protein kinase regulating DNA double-strand-break response	CoC	Anderson et al., 2015
Tel1	S. pombe		CoC	Fowler et al., 2018
ATM	M. musculus		Cytology	Barchi et al., 2008
Topoisomerase II and SUMOylation
Top2	S. cerevisiae	DNA topoisomerase; binds axial cores	Cytology	Zhang et al., 2014b
Ndj1	S. cerevisiae	Regulating meiotic SPB cohesion and telomere clustering	NPD ratio	Chua and Roeder, 1997
Slx5/8	S. cerevisiae	SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL)	Cytology	Zhang et al., 2014b
Sir2	S. cerevisiae	Activation of STUbL activity of Slx5/8	Cytology	Zhang et al., 2014b