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. 2023 Mar 16;24(4):612–624. doi: 10.1038/s41590-023-01448-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 1 — a. Schematic diagram showing the workflow performed on healthy kidney and RCC tumor samples. b. Gating strategy in flow cytometry analysis of 5 healthy tissue and 7 RCC samples (left). Contour plots showing expression of lineage markers CD56 (NK), CD3 and γδTCR (T cells), CD8 vs CD4 (αβ T cells), and Vδ2 TCR in normal vs tumor. c. Stacked bar plot showing cell frequencies of αβ and γδ T cells in normal and RCC samples. No significance found by one-sided Mann-Whitney test for each cell type. Error bars represent standard deviation. d. Percentage of Vδ2+ and Vδ2- subsets within overall γδ T cells in normal and tumor samples. Each dot represents one sample. Significance assessed by 2-way ANOVA multiple comparison test. e. Expression of PTT markers PD-1, TIGIT and TIM3 in effector containing subsets γδ T cells, αβ T cells and NK cells from normal and tumor samples. f. Dot plot showing frequency of PTT triple positive Vδ2- T cells in normal and tumor samples. Significance assessed by one-sided Mann-Whitney test. Created with BioRender.com.