Table 2.
Studies on the upregulation of CXC-chemokines in obesity and obesity-related disorders
| Family | Disease/indicators of obesity | Types of study | Abbreviations/ scientific name | Conclusion/effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ELR+ | Ovarian cancer, Prostate cancer and NAFLD | In vitro, In vivo | Gro-α/CXCL1 |
Angiogenesis in ovarian cancer cells. ↑ promotes prostate cancer progression. ↑ Promote systemic inflammation. ↑ |
[36, 15, 37, 38] |
| Obese oocytes, Metabolic syndrome, Adipose tissue inflammation | In vivo | GROβ/CXCL2 | Promote inflammation. ↑ | [39–41] | |
| Obesity, Cervical cancer | In vitro, In vivo | GROγ/ CXCL3 |
Malignancy-associated capacities such as migration. ↑ Improvement obesity-related comorbidities. ↑ Promote systematic inflammation and insulin resistance. ↑ |
[42–44] | |
| Lymphatic vasculature dysfunction | In vivo | PF4/CXCL4 | PF4 is a promising biomarker with lymphatic defects independent of the presence or absence of obesity. ↑ | [45] | |
| Prostate Lung Colorectal and Ovarian cancer and Obesity | In vivo | GCP-2 /CXCL6 | Worked out as an inflammatory biomarker. ↑ | [46, 47] | |
| NAFLD, Obese obstructive sleep apnea and Metabolic inflammation at the maternal–fetal interface | In vitro, In vivo | IL -8 /CXCL8 | Promote complex inflammation. ↑ | [48–50, 51–54] | |
| NASH, Obesity and Psoriasis with obesity | In vivo | MIG/CXCL9 | Promote Inflammation. ↑ | [55–57] | |
| ELR− |
Obesity, Ovarian Inflammation, Diabetes, Diliary inflammation and NAFLD |
In vitro, In vivo |
IP-10/CXCL10 and I-TAC/ CXCL11 |
Work as an Inhibitor of adipose tissue angiogenesis and promote inflammation. ↑ | [58–62] |
| Breast cancer and Obesity | In vitro, In vivo | SDF-1α/CXCL12 |
Regulating metastasis of breast cancer. ↑ Promote inflammation. ↑ |
[63, 64] | |
| Obesity models and Diabetes | In vitro, In vivo | BRAK/CXCL14 |
CXCL14 promotes the recruitment of M2-type macrophages. ↑ Promote inflammation. ↑ Regulator of glucose metabolism. ↑ Associated with inflammation or lipid metabolism. ↑ |
[65, 66, 19, 67–69] | |
| Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome in Psoriasis | In vivo | SR-PSOX/CXCL16 |
Accumulation and alterations in lipid metabolism. ↑ Associated with breast adipocyte hypertrophy in African American women. ↑ Innate lymphoid cells activation and tissue distribution in obese psoriatic patients. ↑ |
[70–72] |
The ↑ symbol represented up-regulation of CXC-chemokines during obesity and obesity related disorders types 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases