Table 4.

Univariable MR analyses of fasting insulin (FI) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as outcome followed by multivariable MR adjusted for elevated fasting glucose (FG), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and increased hemoglobin (Hb).

Method	β	Standard Error	P	Egger-Intercept	pEgger	Cochrane’s Q	Q df	pQ	I2	F
Univariable MR Analysis — Exposure: FI (49 SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms), Outcome: HbA1c
MR Egger	0.226	0.436	0.608	2.70x10-5	0.997	2610.360	47	0	98.199	19.221
Weighted median	0.348	0.055	1.72x10-10							19.221
Inverse variance weighted	0.227	0.162	0.162			2610.361	48	0	98.161	19.221
Simple mode	0.689	0.097	5.57x10-9							19.221
Weighted mode	0.432	0.118	6.42x10-4							19.221
Multivariable MR Analysis — Exposure: FI adjusted FG (30 SNPs), Outcome: HbA1c
Inverse Variance Weighted	-0.221	0.133	0.096			1111.614	82	3.42x10-180	92.623	20.75
Multivariable MR Analysis — Exposure: FI adjusted T2D (21 SNPs), Outcome: HbA1c
Inverse Variance Weighted	-0.305	0.126	0.016			1211.384	112	8.18x10-184	90.754	14.524
Multivariable MR Analysis — Exposure: FI adjusted Hb (16 SNPs), Outcome: HbA1c
Inverse Variance Weighted	0.363	0.110	9.14x10-4			8336.312	403	0	95.166	4.547