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. 2023 Mar 17;14:1100461. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100461

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Copyright © 2023 Yang, Nicholson, Cancio, Cancio and Li

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Computed tomography (CT) and histopathology of ARDS following smoke inhalation and burn in pigs. Anesthetized Yorkshire female pigs (35-50kg) were injured by a combination of wood bark smoke inhalation (the cooled smoke delivered with a dose of 20-30 liters at a tidal volume of 30 ml/kg) and a 40% total body surface area deep burn, and observed under a standard ARDSNet mechanical ventilation for 48 hours. The lung tissues were harvested at the end of study for macro-/micro-pathological evaluation and CT scan was conducted at the end of study. Chest CT from a non-injured lung (A) and an ARDS lung showing bilateral infiltration (B, golden star, ground glass opacities; green star, consolidation areas). Macropathology from a non-injured lung (C) and an ARDS lung (D). Lung from a non-injured pig (E) and an ARDS pig (F, G), stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The histological alterations of ARDS are characterized by alveolar (black arrow) and interstitial (golden arrow) edema, hyaline membrane formation (green arrows), inflammatory cell infiltration (red arrow), thrombosis (dark blue arrow), and vascular congestion (light blue arrow) (14, 15).