Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics among treatment groups
| Total | GLP-1RA | SGLT2i | Insulin | Miscellany | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without PSM | ||||||
| N (%) | 26,944 (100.0) | 1848 (6.9) | 5034 (18.7) | 4813 (17.9) | 15,249 (56.6) | |
| Age (years) (SD) | 64.8 ± 12.90 | 57.7 ± 10.70 | 61.3 ± 11.10 | 68.2 ± 14.70 | 65.8 ± 12.40 | < 0.0001 |
| Gender (female) (n, %) | 12,611 (46.8) | 927 (50.2) | 2058 (40.9) | 2308 (34.6) | 2885 (18.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Cardiovascular disease* (n, %) | 6221 (23.1) | 474 (25.6) | 1198 (23.8) | 1664 (34.6) | 2885 (18.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Heart failure (n, %) | 2003 (7.4) | 160 (8.7) | 383 (7.6) | 712 (14.8) | 748 (4.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Mean follow-up time, years (SD) | 3.17 (2.12) | 2.01 (1.78) | 1.66 (1.24) | 3.62 (2.18) | 3.66 (2.08) | < 0.0001 |
| With PSM | ||||||
| N (n, %) | 7392 (100.0) | 1848 (25.0) | 1848 (25.0) | 1848 (25.0) | 1848 (25.0) | |
| Age (years) (SD) | 57.58 ± 10.86 | 57.68 ± 10.74 | 57.53 ± 10.80 | 57.63 ± 10.87 | 57.49 ± 11.01 | 0.9863 |
| Gender (female) (n, %) | 3624 (49.0) | 927 (50.2) | 937 (50.7) | 823 (44.5) | 937 (50.7) | < 0.0010 |
| Cardiovascular disease* (n, %) | 1830 (24.8) | 474 (25.6) | 447 (24.2) | 444 (24.0) | 465 (25.2) | 0.6140 |
| Heart failure (n, %) | 592 (8.0) | 160 (8.7) | 136 (7.4) | 157 (8.5) | 139 (7.5) | 0.3470 |
| Mean follow-up time, years (SD) | 2.73 (2.08) | 2.01 (1.78) | 1.64 (1.23) | 3.86 (2.17) | 3.40 (2.11) | < 0.0001 |
GLP-1RA GLP-1 receptor agonists, PSM propensity score matching, SGLT2i SGLT2 inhibitors
*Pre-existing cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease, stroke, transient ischemic attack, acute myocardial infarction, peripeheral vascular disease) and heart failure. p values correspond to comparisons between all four groups