Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Mar 16;13:1132647. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1132647

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2023 Zhang, Niu, Hooker–Romera, Shabani, Ramelow, Wang, Butler, James and Li

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Model of the FREP1-α-tubulin-1 interaction that mediates Plasmodium infection of the mosquito midgut. Adhesion) The interaction between FREP1 in the peritrophic matrix (PM) and parasite α-tubulin-1 exposed on the cell surface at ookinete apical ends orientates invasive apparatus opening toward the PM. Invasion) Enzymes released from the parasitic apical opening disrupt midgut integrity. Together, these actions facilitate an ookinete to penetrate the midgut physical barrier for invasion.