. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 31.

Published in final edited form as: J Alzheimers Dis. 2022;90(4):1615–1628. doi: 10.3233/JAD-220708

Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of HC and AD/MCI participants

	HC (n = 28)	AD/MCI (n = 29)	t/χ2/z-, p

Age (y)^a	70.6 ± 4.9	73.4 ± 6.7	1.81, 0.075
Sex (male/female)^b	13/15	14/15	0.16, 0.689
Education (y)^a	17.1 ± 2.0	16.2 ± 2.3	1.61, 0.113
CDR	0	0.5 (n = 4)	–
		1.0 (n = 22)
		2.0 (n = 3)
MMSE^a	29.8 ± 0.4	22.4 ± 6.3	6.15,<0.001^*
LMI immediate)^c	22.3 ± 4.9	8.6 ± 5.6	5.97,<0.001^*
LMII (delayed)^c	19.6 ± 5.8	2.0 ± 4.5	6.28,<0.001^*
BDI-II^c	4.1 ± 4.6	8.2 ± 6.1	2.77, 0.006^*
AES total^c	24.9 ± 5.8	31.0 ± 12.9	1.97, 0.049^*
AES cognitive^c	11.1 ± 2.8	13.5 ± 6.0	1.54, 0.126
AES behavioral^c	6.7 ± 1.6	8.9 ± 3.6	2.51, 0.011^*
AES emotional^c	3.0 ± 1.1	3.2 ± 1.7	0.27, 0.816

p < 0.05

two-sample t-test

χ²-test

two-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney)test

MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; LMI, logical memory immediate; LMII, logical memory delayed; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; AES, Apathy Evaluation Scale.