Table 3.
The list of brain regions that were significantly different in volume between OXT-exposed males and Control males (FDR p=0.06). Males were most affected by OXT a birth showing 35/116 brain regions with significant differences from vehicle controls. As in the case of the females exposed to OXT at birth, the majority of the affected brain regions in OXT-exposed males were smaller than vehicle controls. The regions most sensitive were many of the same for females e.g. olfactory system, limbic cortex, basal ganglia, striatum, amygdala, and hypothalamus. The brain regions that were significantly larger in volume with OXT exposure were in the cerebellum (5th, 7th,8th, 9th lobules) and brainstem (gigantocellularis, trigeminal complex, cuneate nuc., medullary reticular nuc. pontine nuc.).
| Male Vehicle vs Male Oxytocin - Brain Volumes (mm3) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male Veh | Male OT | ||||||
| Brain Area | Ave | SD | Ave | SD | P-val | ω Sq | |
| frontal association ctx | 13.4 | 1.9 | > | 9.7 | 2.8 | 0.000 | 0.32943 |
| agranular insular ctx | 13.6 | 3.8 | > | 9.7 | 2.5 | 0.002 | 0.22789 |
| claustrum | 2.4 | 1.0 | > | 1.5 | 0.6 | 0.003 | 0.21273 |
| rostral piriform ctx | 13.2 | 2.4 | > | 10.5 | 2.3 | 0.003 | 0.20768 |
| anterior olfactory n. | 14.9 | 1.8 | > | 12.2 | 2.8 | 0.004 | 0.1931 |
| 5th cerebellar lobule | 2.7 | 2.8 | < | 5.4 | 2.1 | 0.005 | 0.19098 |
| endopiriform n. | 4.6 | 1.4 | > | 3.5 | 0.8 | 0.006 | 0.17671 |
| primary somatosensory ctx | 25.4 | 3.3 | > | 22.1 | 3.2 | 0.006 | 0.17439 |
| 7th cerebellar lobule | 0.3 | 0.9 | < | 2.3 | 2.8 | 0.007 | 0.17291 |
| accumbens core | 2.3 | 0.7 | > | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.007 | 0.16991 |
| granular cell layer olfactory bulb | 11.4 | 3.5 | > | 9.0 | 1.2 | 0.008 | 0.16111 |
| orbital ctx | 15.7 | 6.0 | > | 11.0 | 2.8 | 0.011 | 0.14783 |
| globus pallidus | 3.5 | 0.6 | > | 2.8 | 0.6 | 0.012 | 0.14374 |
| caudate putamen (striatum) | 25.0 | 4.6 | > | 21.3 | 3.7 | 0.012 | 0.14359 |
| glomerular layer olfactory bulb | 18.9 | 4.9 | > | 15.2 | 2.9 | 0.013 | 0.13943 |
| cortical amygdala | 3.5 | 0.5 | > | 3.0 | 0.6 | 0.016 | 0.12943 |
| retrosplenial ctx | 7.6 | 1.1 | > | 6.7 | 1.0 | 0.016 | 0.12923 |
| 9th cerebellar lobule | 0.1 | 0.4 | < | 1.4 | 1.9 | 0.018 | 0.12523 |
| cuneate n. | 0.0 | 0.1 | < | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.018 | 0.12523 |
| trigeminal complex | 3.1 | 2.6 | < | 4.5 | 1.5 | 0.019 | 0.12132 |
| secondary somatosensory ctx | 6.2 | 1.0 | > | 5.2 | 1.0 | 0.019 | 0.1213 |
| visual 2 ctx | 9.0 | 1.0 | > | 8.1 | 1.4 | 0.020 | 0.11941 |
| zona incerta | 1.6 | 0.2 | < | 1.8 | 0.3 | 0.022 | 0.11573 |
| dentate gyrus | 8.1 | 0.4 | > | 7.5 | 1.1 | 0.022 | 0.11556 |
| basal amygdala | 5.2 | 0.7 | > | 4.5 | 0.9 | 0.025 | 0.10986 |
| anterior cingulate ctx | 4.2 | 0.9 | > | 3.5 | 0.8 | 0.026 | 0.10789 |
| caudal piriform ctx | 9.3 | 1.1 | > | 8.3 | 1.2 | 0.027 | 0.10603 |
| anterior thalamus | 2.0 | 0.8 | > | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.029 | 0.10239 |
| gigantocellular reticular n. | 4.2 | 2.4 | < | 5.8 | 1.6 | 0.031 | 0.09872 |
| central amygdaloid n. | 2.3 | 0.3 | > | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0.032 | 0.09704 |
| anterior hypothalamic area | 3.9 | 1.3 | > | 3.1 | 1.0 | 0.034 | 0.09515 |
| medullary reticular n. | 0.7 | 2.5 | < | 2.7 | 3.4 | 0.038 | 0.08917 |
| 8th cerebellar lobule | 0.3 | 1.1 | < | 1.6 | 1.9 | 0.039 | 0.08829 |
| pontine n. | 0.5 | 0.2 | < | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.047 | 0.07992 |
| infralimbic ctx | 1.0 | 0.3 | > | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.047 | 0.0797 |