Table 4.
Cox regression results on the associations between insomnia and the first recurrence of BPPV
| Model 1 (HR, 95% CI) | Model 2 (HR, 95% CI) | Model 1 (HR, 95%CI) | Model 2 (HR, 95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| Insomnia | 2.55 (1.45, 4.50)** | 0.97 (0.68, 1.39) | 2.22 (1.24, 3.98)** | 0.91 (0.63, 1.31) | 2.03 (1.07, 3.83) * | 0.85 (0.58, 1.26) | 2.01 (1.06, 3.81) * | 0.84 (0.57, 1.25) |
| Anxiety | 1.52 (0.89, 2.59) | 1.22 (0.89, 1.66) | 1.25 (0.70, 2.23) | 1.19 (0.85, 1.66) | ||||
| Obsessive–compulsive disorder | 0.97 (0.33, 2.83) | 2.69 (1.52, 4.75) *** | 0.85 (0.28, 2.57) | 2.54 (1.42, 4.53) ** | ||||
| Age group | ||||||||
| < 40 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 40–49 | 1.45 (0.72, 2.95) | 1.29 (0.85, 1.95) | 1.45 (0.71, 2.94) | 1.28 (0.84, 1.94) | 1.45 (0.71, 2.94) | 1.23 (0.81, 1.87) | 1.45 (0.71, 2.95) | 1.24 (0.81, 1.88) |
| 50–59 | 1.69 (0.90, 3.17) | 1.76 (1.24, 2.51)** | 1.70 (0.90, 3.20) | 1.73 (1.21, 2.48)** | 1.62 (0.86, 3.05) | 1.71 (1.20, 2.44) ** | 1.68 (0.89, 3.16) | 1.71 (1.20, 2.45) ** |
| 60–69 | 1.83 (1.00, 3.36) | 1.78 (1.24, 2.54)** | 1.92 (1.03, 3.56)* | 1.77 (1.22, 2.57)** | 1.76 (0.96, 3.24) | 1.68 (1.17, 2.42) ** | 1.89 (1.01, 3.51) * | 1.72 (1.19, 2.50) ** |
| ≥ 70 | 2.38 (1.28, 4.43)** | 2.24 (1.51, 3.31)*** | 2.75 (1.43, 5.30)** | 2.18 (1.42, 3.35)*** | 2.30 (1.23, 4.30) ** | 2.17 (1.47, 3.22) *** | 2.74 (1.42, 5.28) ** | 2.13 (1.38, 3.29) *** |
| Hypertension | 0.61 (0.26, 1.45) | 0.95 (0.60, 1.51) | 0.62 (0.26, 1.48) | 0.98 (0.62, 1.56) | ||||
| Cerebral infarction | 0.93 (0.41, 2.09) | 1.30 (0.82, 2.06) | 0.91 (0.40, 2.07) | 1.32 (0.83, 2.10) | ||||
| Atherosclerosis | 1.02 (0.40, 2.64) | 1.17 (0.67, 2.06) | 1.03 (0.40, 2.67) | 1.22 (0.69, 2.13) | ||||
| Posterior circulation ischemia | 1.30 (0.47, 3.58) | 0.81 (0.35, 1.85) | 1.26 (0.46, 3.50) | 0.78 (0.34, 1.79) | ||||
| Cervical spondylosis | 1.37 (0.81, 2.32) | 1.36 (1.00, 1.85)* | 1.29 (0.72, 2.30) | 1.14 (0.81, 1.60) | ||||
| Diabetes | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.49 (0.21, 1.13) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.48 (0.21, 1.12) | ||||
| Dyslipidemia | 0.86 (0.27, 2.76) | 0.84 (0.47, 1.49) | 0.88 (0.28, 2.83) | 0.84 (0.47, 1.50) | ||||
| Osteoporosis | 7.20 (0.98, 53.06) | 0.45 (0.06, 3.37) | 6.20 (0.81, 47.42) | 0.44 (0.06, 3.29) | ||||
HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
* p < 0.05,
** p < 0.01,
*** p < 0.001