Table 2.
Frequency distribution of respondents, distribution of health insurance across explanatory variables and bivariate results: Evidence from 28 sub-Saharan African countries Demographics and Health Surveys (N = 226,734)
| Variable | Frequency (Weighted %) | Health Insurance coverage (%) | COR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall health insurance coverage |
226,734 (21.3%, 95% CI; 19.9-22.7%) |
||
| Women’s decision-making autonomy | |||
| No | 140,633 (44.1) | 15.7 | Ref |
| Yes | 96,376 (55.9) | 25.8 | 1.86 (1.48–2.33)*** |
| Women’s age in years | |||
| 15–19 | 15,695 (3.40) | 4.90 | Ref |
| 20–24 | 40,061 (16.8) | 13.7 | 2.62 (1.23–5.61) * |
| 25–29 | 48,465 (24.9) | 22.5 | 5.75 (2.73–12.12) *** |
| 30–34 | 41,715 (19.7) | 23.2 | 5.42 (2.60-11.28) *** |
| 35–39 | 35,622 (15.6) | 25.0 | 6.94 (3.24–14.82) *** |
| 40–44 | 25,598 (10.5) | 26.0 | 8.44 (3.87–18.37) *** |
| 45–49 | 19,578 (8.70) | 22.0 | 6.54 (3.04–14.09) *** |
| Women’s educational level | |||
| No formal education | 98,811 (9.10) | 2.7 | Ref |
| Primary school | 70,054 (54.3) | 12.3 | 4.19 (2.22–7.89) *** |
| Secondary school | 50,548 (27.0) | 29.3 | 12.59 (6.61–23.95) *** |
| Higher | 7,292 (9.40) | 68.1 | 96.37 (48.09-193.12) *** |
| Husband’s educational level | |||
| No formal education | 82,697 (6.60) | 2.4 | Ref |
| Primary school | 57,030 (48.0) | 11.0 | 3.53 (1.26–9.83) * |
| Secondary school | 64,301 (31.4) | 24.7 | 8.87 (3.13–25.12) *** |
| Higher | 15,830 (13.7) | 58.9 | 48.95 (17.11-139.99) *** |
| Wealth status | |||
| Poorest | 52,109 (16.7) | 3.0 | Ref |
| Poorer | 47,328 (18.0) | 8.2 | 3.01 (1.78–5.08) *** |
| Middle | 44,346 (19.0) | 14.9 | 8.22 (4.91–13.76) *** |
| Richer | 41,570 (21.6) | 25.8 | 22.60 (13.17–38.77) *** |
| Richest | 41,381 (24.5) | 44.3 | 75.66 (42.56-134.53) *** |
| Parity | |||
| 1–2 | 32,719 (16.5) | 26.2 | Ref |
| 3–4 | 100,153 (55.6) | 24.3 | 1.03 (0.77–1.38) |
| 5+ | 78,577 (27.8) | 11.6 | 0.56 (0.39–0.80)** |
| Sex of household head | |||
| Male | 188,798 (76.3) | 20.8 | Ref |
| Female | 37,936 (23.7) | 22.9 | 1.78 (1.39–2.27)*** |
| Currently employed | |||
| No | 81,801 (30.5) | 12.5 | |
| Yes | 144,798 (69.4) | 25.2 | 2.65 (2.04–3.45)*** |
| Media exposure | |||
| No | 78,479 (13.3) | 3.7 | Ref |
| Yes | 147,962 (86.6) | 24.0 | 5.85 (3.53–9.70)*** |
| Family size | |||
| < 5 | 68,479 (46.16) | 25.6 | Ref |
| >=5 | 158,255 (53.8) | 17.6 | 0.87 (0.71–1.07) |
| Place of residence | |||
| Urban | 73,668 (39.5) | 29.8 | Ref |
| Rural | 153,066 (60.5) | 15.7 | 0.28 (0.22–0.36)*** |
| Distance to health facility | |||
| Big problem | 96,421 (24.4) | 11.4 | Ref |
| Not a big problem | 130,272 (75.5) | 24.5 | 1.63 (1.25–2.12)*** |
| Community literacy level | |||
| Low | 88,161 (25.8) | 8.9 | Ref |
| Medium | 76,206 (35.1) | 20.0 | 3.94 (2.92–5.32)*** |
| High | 62,367 (39.0) | 30.6 | 10.86 (8.05–14.65)*** |
| Community socioeconomic status | |||
| Low | 122,808 (44.5) | 10.5 | Ref |
| Medium | 38,563 (15.5) | 21.5 | 4.77 (3.57–6.38)*** |
| High | 65,363 (39.8) | 33.3 | 9.44 (7.33–12.17)*** |