Tagare 2013.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT
Participants	114 preterm neonates (< 37 weeks') with respiratory distress (Silverman score > 3) up to 6 hours after birth treated with nasal CPAP 6 to 7 cm H₂O (as primary support)
Interventions	Bubble (Fisher & Paykel): N = 57 Ventilator (Bear Cub 750): N = 57 Short binasal prongs were used in both groups.
Outcomes	Treatment failure (worsening respiratory distress with FiO₂ > 0.6 and CPAP > 8 cm H₂O, recurrent apnoea, "shock", requiring endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation) Mortality before hospital discharge Duration of CPAP use Pneumothorax Nasal trauma (skin erosion/septal injury)
Notes	Setting: Pune, India (2008 to 2009) Funding: not stated
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer generated
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Sealed, coded envelopes
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Open‐label
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Outcome reporting complete.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Unlikely (comprehensive)
Other bias	Low risk	No evidence of an imbalance in baseline demographics