Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of CRIC Study participants by health literacy level
| Health literacy | ||
|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Adequate, n = 3160 (85.1%) | Limited, n = 555 (14.9%) |
| Demographic characteristics | ||
| Age, years | 62.4 ± 10.0 | 65.8 ± 8.3** |
| Male sex | 1721 (54.5%) | 352 (63.4%)** |
| Race | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1779 (56.3%) | 92 (16.6%)** |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1381 (43.7%) | 463 (83.4%) |
| Annual household income ≤$20 000 | 627 (19.8%) | 268 (48.3%)** |
| Less than high school education | 236 (7.5%) | 232 (41.8%)** |
| Has health insurance | 3012 (96.9%) | 24 (96.0%) |
| Medical history | ||
| Ever visited a nephrologist (yes vs no) | 2325 (73.6%) | 446 (80.4%)** |
| Smoked >100 cigarettes | 1672 (52.9%) | 345 (62.2%)** |
| Diabetes | 1539 (48.7%) | 372 (67.0%)** |
| Cardiovascular disease | 1132 (35.8%) | 304 (54.8%)** |
| Myocardial infarction | 764 (24.2%) | 183 (33.0%)** |
| Stroke | 319 (10.1%) | 130 (23.4%)** |
| Congestive heart failure | 313 (9.9%) | 114 (20.5%)** |
| Peripheral artery disease | 218 (6.9%) | 67 (12.1%)** |
| Medication use | ||
| ACEi or ARB | 2097 (66.9%) | 360 (65.5%) |
| Statins | 1965 (62.7%) | 366 (66.5%) |
| Aspirin | 1574 (50.2%) | 309 (56.2%)* |
| Clinical characteristics | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 32.5 ± 7.8 | 32.3 ± 7.7 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 125.5 ± 19.4 | 129.5 ± 21.7** |
| Hemoglobin A1C % | 6.3 (1.4) | 6.7 (1.7)** |
| Calcium, mg/dL | 9.4 ± 0.5 | 9.4 ± 0.6 |
| Phosphate, mg/dL | 4.2 ± 1.2 | 4.5 ± 1.1 |
| Total parathyroid hormone, pg/mL | 90.1 ± 151.5 | 106.7 ± 95.2 |
| Kidney function measurements | ||
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 49.5 ± 15.6 | 46.0 ± 17.3** |
| Urine protein to creatinine ratio | 0.1 (0.1–0.5) | 0.3 (0.1–1.0)** |
Note: Values for categorical variables are given as count (percentage); values for continuous variables are given as mean ± standard deviation or median (IQR).
SD, standard deviation; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
*
P < .01, ** P < .001.