FIGURE 1:

Schematic approach to prognostic and predictive enrichment, in this example, of patients with sepsis-associated AKI. A heterogeneous cohort of patients presenting with sepsis are separated into low- and high-risk mortality subphenotypes based on prognostic enrichment. While the low-risk subphenotype proceeds with standard care, the high-risk group can be further stratified by predictive enrichment into different endotypes—subtypes of AKI defined by a distinct functional or pathobiological mechanism—to tailor mechanism-specific treatments.