Fig. 1.

Human status and functions in One Health (OH) (A): The health of humans, animals and the shared environment is interconnected (OH). Increasing public awareness of OH and guiding human behavior to be friendlier to animals and the environment. A maintained ecological balance can prevent zoonoses or environmental disease spillover to humans; The difference between human-centered development (HCD, on the left) and OH awareness-framed development (B, on the right): HCD only accepts the instrumental value of nature, which creates direct conflict between humans and nature. As a shift, HOH respects the intrinsic value (independent of people) and strengthens relational value (creating an environmentally friendly atmosphere). HOH aims to restrain unsustainable human behaviors to maintain harmony between humans and nature. HOH can complement nature-based solutions (NBS), where the former refers to the unknown part of nature, while the latter is based on already known natural knowledge.