Table 4.

Associations between individual use of ERACS drugs and development of secondary outcomes

Outcomes	ERACS drug	Odds Ratio or Linear Coefficient	95% Confidence Interval	P-value
In-hospital mortality	Acetaminophen	1.75	0.98, 3.07	0.05
	Gabapentin	0.54	0.27, 1.04	0.07
	Ketamine	1.86	0.98, 3.45	0.05
	Lidocaine	0.53	0.28, 1.03	0.06
	Dexmedetomidine	1.09	0.52, 2.09	0.81
Atrial fibrillation	Acetaminophen	0.92	0.66, 1.27	0.60
	Gabapentin	0.95	0.67, 1.36	0.79
	Ketamine	1.15	0.83, 1.59	0.39
	Lidocaine	0.86	0.62, 1.19	0.36
	Dexmedetomidine	1.02	0.72, 1.43	0.93
Acute kidney injury	Acetaminophen	1.62	0.92, 2.87	0.09
	Gabapentin	0.52	0.26, 1.01	0.06
	Ketamine	0.94	0.46, 1.91	0.87
	Lidocaine	1.13	0.62, 2.06	0.68
	Dexmedetomidine	0.89	0.48, 1.64	0.71
Length of stay, days	Acetaminophen	1.02	0.97, 1.06	0.47
	Gabapentin	0.96	0.91, 1.01	0.11
	Ketamine	1.01	0.96, 1.06	0.79
	Lidocaine	0.98	0.94, 1.03	0.51
	Dexmedetomidine	0.93	0.88, 0.98	0.004
ICU length of stay, hours	Acetaminophen	0.93	0.91, 0.94	<0.001
	Gabapentin	1.03	1.01, 1.05	0.003
	Ketamine	1.05	1.03, 1.07	<0.001
	Lidocaine	0.93	0.91, 0.94	<0.001
	Dexmedetomidine	0.98	0.96, 0.99	0.02
Postoperative opioids, MME	Acetaminophen	0.98	0.96, 1.01	0.15
	Gabapentin	1.05	1.02, 1.07	<0.001
	Ketamine	0.97	0.95, 0.99	0.01
	Lidocaine	0.98	0.96, 1.00	0.09
	Dexmedetomidine	0.94	0.91, 0.96	<0.001
Postoperative Intubation, hours	Acetaminophen	0.85	0.82, 0.88	<0.001
	Gabapentin	1.08	1.04, 1.12	<0.001
	Ketamine	1.27	1.22, 1.31	<0.001
	Lidocaine	0.94	0.91, 0.98	0.003
	Dexmedetomidine	0.80	0.77, 0.84	<0.001