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. 2023 Mar 31;13:5280. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32433-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Response to the glucose tolerance test (GTT) in postpartum (PP) dairy cows (5–8 days PP) supplemented with n-3 during the peripartum period. Dairy cows at 257 days of pregnancy were divided into two nutritional groups supplemented with (i) CTL—encapsulated saturated fat, (ii) ALA—flaxseed supplement providing α-linolenic acid (ALA). n = 7. Time 0—Glucose infusion. (A) Plasma glucose concentrations during GTT; (B) plasma insulin concentrations during GTT; (C) protein abundance of insulin receptor beta (IRβ; n = 4) in insulin-stimulated AT; (D) phosphorylation of protein kinase B (pAkt; n = 7) in insulin-stimulated AT; two ALA samples were excluded from the analysis, one due to low protein levels and one due to ketosis diagnosed at 10 d PP. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM.