Table 1.

Functional difference and FDA approved treatment of discussed inhibitors.

Inhibitors	Specific target	Mechanism	FDA approved treatment	Reference
ARS-853	KRASG12C	Covalent inhibitor	_	42
ARS-1620	KRASG12C	Covalent inhibitor	_	43
AMG510	KRASG12C	Covalent inhibitor	Locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC with KRASG12C mutation	44, 45, 46
MRTX849	KRASG12C	Covalent inhibitor	KRASG12C-mutated NSCLC	47
PLX4720	BRAFV600E	An ATP-competitive RAF kinase inhibitor	_	48
Vemurafenib	BRAFV600E	An ATP-competitive RAF kinase inhibitor	Metastatic melanoma with BRAFV600E mutation, Erdheim–Chester Disease with BRAFV600 mutation	49, 50, 51
Dabrafenib	BRAFV600E/K/D	An ATP-competitive RAF kinase inhibitor	Unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAFV600E mutation	52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59
Encorafenib	BRAFV600E/K	An ATP-competitive RAF kinase inhibitor	Unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAFV600E/K mutation	60
Trametinib	MEK1/2	Allosteric non-ATP competitive inhibitor	Unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAFV600E/K, BRAF positive anaplastic thyroid cancer, Metastatic NSCLC with BRAFV600E mutation	61,62
Binimetinib	MEK1/2	Allosteric inhibitor	Unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAFV600E/K or NRAS mutation	63,64
Cobimetinib	MEK1/2	Allosteric inhibitor	Advanced melanoma with BRAFV600E/K mutation	65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71
ONC201	AKT/ERK	_	Small cell lung cancer	72, 73, 74, 75
LY3214996	ERK1/2	Reversible ATP-competitive kinase inhibitor	_	76,77
Ulixertinib	ERK1/2	Reversible ATP-competitive kinase inhibitor	_	78, 79, 80, 81, 82
MK-8353	ERK1/2	Reversible ATP-competitive kinase inhibitor	_	83, 84, 85, 86, 87
GDC-0994	ERK1/2	Reversible ATP-competitive kinase inhibitor	_	88, 89, 90, 91
Rineterkib	RAF/ERK1/2	_	_	92, 93, 94