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. 2023 Mar 31;13:5258. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31730-5

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Study design flowchart. In the PRS analysis, “Base” data is used to provide effect sizes for SNPs shared with individuals in the “Target” data. Using PRSice-2, 20 genera were found to be significantly genetically associated with AD diagnosis in the discovery sample. Three genera were validated in the replication sample, and ten were confirmed by a meta-analysis from discovery and replicate samples. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the genetic correlation between the PRSs for ten significant genera and APOE genotyping. Three genera were identified as genetically correlated with APOE rs429358 risk allele C.