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. 2023 Mar 31;14:1807. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37283-5

Table 1.

Hyperbolic mixed-effects model results for group differences in social discounting

N = 275 Estimate SE 95% CI T p Estimate SE 95% CI T p
Level 1
  v0 85.501c 0.482 [84.557, 86.446] 177.513 <0.0001 78.481c 0.871 [76.772, 80.191] 90.064 <0.0001
  Social discounting rate (logk) −2.796c 0.620 [−4.013, −1.580] −4.509 <0.0001 2.168b 0.739 [0.719, 3.617] 2.935 0.003
Level 2
  Heroic rescuer −0.722 0.745 [−2.183, 0.738] −0.970 0.332 −4.009 2.585 [−9.080, 1.062] −1.551 0.121
  Humanitarian aid worker −1.165a 0.478 [−2.104, −0.227] −2.435 0.015 −0.145 1.267 [−2.631, 2.341] −0.114 0.909
  Kidney donor (D) −0.971a 0.443 [−1.840, −0.102] −2.192 0.029 −4.959c 1.022 [−6.964, −2.954] −4.852 <0.0001
  Kidney donor (ND) −1.333b 0.461 [−2.238, −0.429] −2.890 0.004 −5.428c 1.203 [−7.787, −3.069] −4.514 <0.0001
  Liver donor −1.928a 0.789 [−3.477, −0.380] −2.442 0.015 −8.641b 2.684 [−13.905, −3.377] −3.220 0.001
  Marrow donor −0.633 0.499 [−1.612, 0.345] −1.269 0.205 −0.225 1.187 [−2.553, 2.103] −0.190 0.85
  Sex (Female) 0.285 0.320 [−0.343, 0.913] 0.891 0.373 0.51c 0.131 [0.253, 0.767] 3.896 <0.0001
  Age −0.018 0.013 [−0.042, 0.007] −1.399 0.162 −0.012a 0.005 [−0.021, −0.002] −2.319 0.02
  Honesty humility (HH) −1.524c 0.202 [−1.921, −1.128] −7.548 <0.0001
  Heroic rescuer × HH 0.979 0.643 [−0.282, 2.240] 1.523 0.128
  Aid worker × HH −0.147 0.342 [−0.819, 0.524] −0.430 0.667
  Kidney donor (D) × HH 1.111c 0.268 [0.586, 1.637] 4.146 <0.0001
  Kidney donor (ND) × HH 1.181c 0.308 [0.576, 1.785] 3.831 <0.0001
  Liver donor × HH 1.802b 0.661 [0.506, 3.098] 2.727 0.006
  Marrow donor × HH 0.009 0.315 [−0.608, 0.625] 0.027 0.978

Note. Groups are coded as indicator variables relative to the control group. Fixed-effects coefficients are unstandardized. SE indicates the standard error. 95% CI indicates lower/upper limits of the confidence interval. Because social distance (N) was centered at N = 1, v0 represents the amount willing to forgo for N = 1.

aindicates p < 0.05,

bindicates p < 0.01,

cindicates p < 0.001. P-values are two-tailed.