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. 2023 Mar 31;14:1794. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37515-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A–C Confocal imaging and quantification show a marked accumulation of N2 TANs (CD206⁺CD16b⁺ cells) in NSCLC compared to adjacent normal lung tissue, which contrasts with the small population of N1 TANs (iNOS⁺CD16b⁺ cells) (**P < 0.01 vs. normal lung; two-tailed t-test). D Three-dimensional confocal image showing SMAD3 activation (p-SMAD3, blue) in many N2 TANs (CD206⁺CD16b⁺ cells) in NSCLC. Correlation analysis shows that Smad3 activation (E) has a negative correlation with the proportion of N1 TANs (F) but does not correlate with the proportion of N2 TANs (Pearson correlation two-tailed test). G A low proportion of N1 TANs are significantly associated with higher patient mortality in NSCLC (log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test). Scale bar, 50 μm. A–D Data represents mean ± SEM of three patients/group. E–G Data based on a cohort of 72 patients. The exact P values of normal lung vs. NSCLC tissue are 1C. P = 0.0655(N1 TAN) and P = 0.004(N2 TAN). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.