Fig. 1. Proposed model for tRNA-m1A modification as a translational checkpoint for T cell proliferation.

Upon T cell activation, tRNAs and tRNA-m¹A58 “writer” proteins (TRMT61A and TRMT6) are upregulated, resulting in an increased level of tRNA-m¹A58 modification that facilitates MYC protein synthesis and thus promotes MYC-dependent cell proliferation.