. 2023 Feb 21;33(2):242–248. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad012

Table 2.

Multilevel logistic regression results

Explanatory variables	Null model		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4		Model 5
Explanatory variables	OR	SE	OR	SE	OR	SE	OR	SE	OR	SE	OR	SE
Intercept	0.19^***	0.008	0.11^***	0.007	0.08^***	0.006	0.05^***	0.004	0.05^***	0.005	0.03^***	0.003
Female vs. Male			1.79^**	0.055	1.78^***	0.055	1.69^***	0.054	1.70^***	0.056	1.53^***	0.055
Age: 25–34 vs. 16–24			1.11	0.063	1.18^**	0.070	1.52^***	0.099	1.41^***	0.092	1.23^**	0.087
Age: 35–44 vs. 16–24			1.16^**	0.066	1.27^***	0.083	1.67^***	0.117	1.54^***	0.108	1.29^**	0.098
Age: 45–54 vs. 16–24			1.33^***	0.072	1.52^***	0.100	1.91^***	0.134	1.76^***	0.125	1.30^***	0.101
Age: 55–64 vs. 16–24			1.55^***	0.085	1.88^***	0.132	1.99^***	0.145	1.86^***	0.137	1.34^***	0.109
Age: 65–74 vs. 16–24			1.47^***	0.085	1.78^***	0.134	1.50^***	0.116	1.47^***	0.116	1.16	0.101
Single vs. Married					1.27^***	0.058	1.15^**	0.054	1.12^*	0.053	1.06	0.055
Widowed vs. Married					1.27^**	0.095	1.09	0.083	1.06	0.081	0.76^**	0.066
Divorced/separated vs. Married					1.46^***	0.074	1.29^***	0.068	1.21^***	0.064	1.07	0.063
Children: 1 vs. None					1.22^***	0.055	1.20^***	0.055	1.17^***	0.053	1.22^***	0.061
Children: 2 vs. None					1.08	0.060	1.06	0.059	1.04	0.059	1.07	0.066
Children: 3 or more vs. None					1.20^*	0.090	1.07	0.082	1.03	0.079	1.06	0.089
Income: 1st vs. 5th quintile							1.58^***	0.095	1.45^***	0.089	1.03	0.069
Income: 2nd vs. 5th quintile							1.28^***	0.073	1.22^***	0.070	0.96	0.060
Income: 3rd vs. 5th quintile							1.24^***	0.070	1.20^**	0.068	1.06	0.064
Income: 4th vs. 5th quintile							1.07	0.061	1.06	0.060	0.96	0.058
Income: DK/REF vs. 5th quintile							1.04	0.064	1.02	0.063	0.95	0.064
Unemployed vs. Paid work							1.54^***	0.103	1.48^***	0.099	1.25^**	0.093
Economically inactive vs. Paid work							1.48^***	0.059	1.48^***	0.059	1.20^***	0.052
ISCED III vs. (IV–VI)							1.35^***	0.054	1.28^***	0.051	1.20^***	0.052
ISCED II vs. (IV–VI)							1.51^***	0.070	1.39^***	0.066	1.19^**	0.062
ISCED I vs. (IV–VI)							1.66^***	0.094	1.52^***	0.088	1.34^***	0.086
Ex-smoker vs. Never smoked									1.27^***	0.052	1.12^**	0.050
Currently smoker vs. Never smoked									1.58^***	0.059	1.26^***	0.051
Drinking alcohol: Monthly vs. No									0.96	0.044	1.06	0.054
Drinking alcohol: 2–4 times a month vs. No									0.74^***	0.034	0.94	0.047
Drinking alcohol: 2–3 times a week vs. No									0.78^***	0.042	0.98	0.058
Drinking alcohol: 4 or more times a week vs. No									0.82^**	0.055	1.00	0.073
Health: Good vs. Very good											1.18^**	0.060
Health: Poor vs. Very good											1.92^***	0.106
Chronic illnesses: 1 vs. None											1.38^***	0.078
Chronic illnesses: 2 vs. None											1.68^***	0.098
Chronic illnesses: 3 or more vs. None											2.44^***	0.132
Depression: Medium vs. No											3.30^***	0.140
Depression: High vs. No											9.00^***	0.480
ICC	0.007		0.006		0.006		0.003		0.004		0.005
Observations	32 704		32 704		32 704		32 704		32 704		32 704
Marginal R²/Conditional R²	0.000/0.007		0.032/0.038		0.039/0.044		0.067/0.070		0.079/0.083		0.238/0.242
AIC	24 574.054		24 137.677		24 077.972		23 663.808		23 499.906		20 428.518
Log-likelihood	−12 285.027		−12 060.838		−12 024.986		−11 807.904		−11 719.953		−10 177.259

P < 0.05.

^**

P < 0.01.

^***

P < 0.001; two-tail test.