FIGURE 7.

Surgical and interventional therapies in advanced emphysema. Homogeneous emphysema was defined as <10% difference in emphysematous destruction between the targeted and ipsilateral non-targeted lobe undergoing lung reduction as measured by quantitative chest computed tomography (CT) imaging. By contrast, >10% difference between the targeted and non-targeted lobe is considered a heterogeneous pattern of emphysematous destruction. CV: collateral ventilation measure by Chartis; FI+: fissure integrity >90% by high-resolution CT (HRCT); FI−: fissure integrity <90% by HRCT; ELVR: endoscopic lung volume reduction; EBV: endobronchial valve; VA: vapor ablation; LVRC: lung volume reduction coil; LVRS: lung volume reduction surgery. Reproduced with permission from www.goldcopd.org