Figure 2.

Growth differentiation factor 15 concentration (categorical) and cardiovascular events. Cumulative incidence curves of cardiovascular events by growth differentiation factor 15 categories while treating non-cardiovascular death as a competing risk. CV, cardiovascular; HHF, hospitalization for heart failure; MACE, major adverse cardiac events; HRadj, adjusted hazard ratio; Ref, reference. Each hazard ratio is compared with the low range growth differentiation factor 15 (growth differentiation factor 15 < 1200ng/L) after adjusting for clinical factors and established cardiovascular biomarkers.