Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Apr 2.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2022 May 10;186:93–98. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.005

Fig. 3. Mild Golgi stress confers cytoprotection in Huntington’s disease.

Fig. 3.

Treatment of striatal HD cells with Golgi stressors upregulates ATF4 via the protein kinase R (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway and stimulates expression of CSE and cysteine biosynthesis via the reverse transsulfuration pathway. Additionally, the cystine transporters (xCT) may also be upregulated by ATF4, in addition to other targets, leading to enhanced cysteine and H2S levels, and growth in cysteine-deprived conditions.