Figure 3. Photomicrographs of the renal cortex of treated groups.

(a) Diabetic rats treated with insulin showed improved renal architecture; however, some distorted glomeruli (g), hyaline cast (arrowheads) in some proximal (p), and distal (d) tubules with desquamated nuclei (red arrows), and periglomerular inflammatory cells (In) are detected. (b) Diabetic rats treated with REO showed partial restoration of normal renal architecture. However, some renal corpuscles show disturbed glomerulus (g), wide renal space (*), and hemorrhage (hg). Most of the proximal (p) and distal (d) tubules are showing normal lining epithelium with the restoration of the brush border; however, few desquamated cells can also be detected (red arrows) (c) Diabetic rats treated with both insulin and REO showing a normal architecture of the kidney with normal glomeruli (g), however, some congested glomerular capillaries (Gc) can be detected. Some cells lining the proximal and distal tubules are binucleated (black circle), and a scanty hyaline cast (arrowhead) is detected in the lumen of a few tubules. (a-c: H&E x400, bar 50μm). (d) Tubular injury score in different experimental groups; (*) significantly different from control groups; (#) significantly different from the diabetic untreated group, p < 0.01.