(A) Cumulative overall survival curves by GPS score. The cumulative overall survival rates of patients with a GPS score of 0 at 3, 6, and 12 months are 96.5%, 92.0%, and 82.3%, respectively (solid line). In patients with a GPS score of 1, the cumulative overall survival rates are 98.4%, 89.7%, and 60.2% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively (dotted line). The cumulative overall survival rates of patients with a GPS score of 2 are 89.9%, 60.7%, and 32.6% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively (dashed‐dotted line) (p < 0.001, log‐rank test). The cumulative overall survival rates differed significantly between the GPS 0 group and GPS 1 group (p < 0.001), GPS 0 group and GPS 2 group (p < 0.001), and GPS 1 group and GPS 2 group (p = 0.004) after Bonferroni correction. The AIC and c‐index were 1211 and 0.652, respectively. (B) Cumulative overall survival curves by neo‐GPS score. The cumulative overall survival rates of patients with a neo‐GPS score of 0 at 3, 6, and 12 months are 98.4%, 96.6%, and 90.0%, respectively (solid line). In patients with a neo‐GPS score of 1, the cumulative overall survival rates are 97.1%, 89.3%, and 65.3% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively (dotted line). The cumulative overall survival rates of patients with a neo‐GPS score of 2 are 90.3%, 66.0%, and 43.8% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively (dashed‐dotted line) (p < 0.001, log‐rank test). The cumulative overall survival rate differed significantly between the neo‐GPS 0 group and neo‐GPS 1 group (p < 0.001), neo‐GPS 0 group and neo‐GPS 2 group (p < 0.001), and neo‐GPS 1 group and neo‐GPS 2 group (p = 0.006) after Bonferroni correction. The AIC and c‐index were 1207 and 0.677, respectively. GPS, Glasgow prognostic score.