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Inhibitory pathway of DC function by hypoxia. ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; EC: Epithelial cell; GPR81: G protein‐coupled receptor; IFN: Interferon; IDO: Indoleamine2,3‐dioxygenase 1; IL‐10: Interleukin 10; MHC: Major histocompatibility complex; pDC: plasmacytoid dendritic cell. Hypoxia in glioma microenvironment can easily lead to the accumulation of adenosine, the increase of lactic acid content and production of reactive oxygen, resulting in the impairment of DC function.
