TABLE 1.
Selected characteristics of patients with ESRD by decisional conflicta score at three large transplant centers (n=464), 2014–2015
| Study population N (%) | No decisional conflict (score=0) | Any decisional conflict (score>0) | Significance testingc | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||
| Characteristicb | N=464 | N=239 (51.5) | N=225 (48.5) | Test statistic | P-valued |
| Demographic characteristics at time of transplant evaluation | |||||
| Age, mean±SD, y | 50.6±10.2 | 50.2±10.5 | 51.1±9.8 | −0.92 | .36 |
| Male, n (%) | 288 (62.1) | 134 (56.1) | 154 (68.4) | 7.54 | .01 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | 13.46 | <.01 | |||
| African American | 221 (47.6) | 100 (41.8) | 121 (53.8) | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 162 (34.9) | 101 (42.3) | 61 (27.1) | ||
| White, Hispanic | 49 (10.6) | 20 (8.4) | 29 (12.9) | ||
| Othere | 31 (6.7) | 17 (7.1) | 14 (6.2) | ||
| Institution, n (%) | 2.83 | .24 | |||
| Transplant Center A | 158 (34.1) | 73 (30.6) | 85 (37.8) | ||
| Transplant Center B | 143 (30.8) | 76 (31.8) | 67 (29.8) | ||
| Transplant Center C | 163 (35.1) | 90 (37.7) | 73 (32.4) | ||
| Clinical characteristics at time of transplant evaluation | |||||
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
| Body mass index >35 kg/m2 | 85 (18.3) | 40 (16.7) | 45 (20.0) | 0.83 | .45 |
| Hypertension | 365 (78.7) | 187 (78.2) | 178 (79.1) | 0.05 | .82 |
| Diabetes | 176 (37.9) | 83 (34.7) | 93 (41.3) | 2.15 | .14 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 43 (9.3) | 20 (8.4) | 23 (10.2) | 0.47 | .49 |
| Albumin <3.5 g/dL | 81 (17.4) | 36 (15.1) | 45 (20.0) | 2.34 | .13 |
| Type of dialysis, n (%) | 1.32 | .52 | |||
| Not on dialysis | 152 (32.8) | 83 (34.7) | 69 (30.7) | ||
| Hemodialysis | 239 (51.5) | 122 (51.1) | 117 (52.0) | ||
| Peritoneal dialysis | 73 (15.7) | 34 (14.2) | 39 (17.3) | ||
| Time on dialysis prior to evaluation, n (%) | 5.03 | .08 | |||
| Not on dialysis | 152 (32.8) | 83 (34.7) | 69 (30.7) | ||
| <1 y on dialysis | 156 (33.6) | 87 (36.4) | 69 (30.7) | ||
| ≥1 y on dialysis | 156 (33.6) | 69 (28.9) | 87 (38.7) | ||
| Self-reported socioeconomic characteristics at time of transplant evaluation | |||||
| Married, n (%) | 273 (58.8) | 153 (64.0) | 120 (53.3) | 5.78 | .02 |
| Social supportf, n (%) | 250 (53.9) | 132 (55.2) | 118 (52.4) | 1.19 | .27 |
| Educational attainment, n (%) | 22.16 | <.01 | |||
| 8th grade or less | 11 (2.4) | 4 (1.7) | 7 (3.1) | ||
| Some high school | 26 (5.6) | 9 (3.8) | 17 (7.6) | ||
| High school diploma or GED | 111 (23.9) | 41 (17.2) | 70 (31.1) | ||
| Some college or vocational school degree | 130 (28.0) | 71 (29.7) | 59 (26.2) | ||
| College or vocational school degree | 109 (23.5) | 60 (25.1) | 49 (21.8) | ||
| Professional or graduate degree | 71 (15.3) | 49 (20.5) | 22 (9.8) | ||
| Employment status, n (%) | 6.65 | .04 | |||
| Employed | 180 (38.8) | 106 (44.4) | 74 (32.9) | ||
| Unemployed | 171 (36.9) | 80 (33.5) | 91 (40.4) | ||
| Retired | 104 (22.4) | 48 (20.1) | 56 (24.9) | ||
| Primary health insurance status, n (%) | 7.57 | .01 | |||
| Private | 264 (56.9) | 150 (62.8) | 114 (50.7) | ||
| Government | 194 (41.8) | 85 (35.6) | 109 (48.4) | ||
| Health literacy scoreg, mean±SD | 3.6±2.1 | 4.0±1.9 | 3.2±2.1 | 4.37 | <.01 |
| Numeracy scoreh, mean±SD | 6.1±3.2 | 6.6±3.2 | 5.6±3.2 | 3.32 | <.01 |
| Transplant knowledgei, mean±SD | 5.0±2.1 | 5.5±2.0 | 4.5±2.2 | 5.23 | <.01 |
| ESRD treatment preference, n (%) | 18.8 | <.01 | |||
| Kidney transplant | 346 (74.6) | 190 (79.5) | 156 (69.3) | ||
| Dialysis | 98 (21.1) | 48 (20.1) | 50 (22.2) | ||
| Don’t know | 16 (3.5) | 0 | 16 (7.1) | ||
ESRD, end-stage renal disease; IQR, interquartile range.
O’Connor.16
Percentages may not all add up to 100% due to missing data. Covariates with missing data: race (n=1); albumin <3.5 g/dL (n=17); marital status (n=5); social support (n=41); educational attainment (n=6); employment status (n=8); primary health insurance status (n=6); household income before taxes (n=8); literacy (n=22); numeracy (n=22); ESRD treatment preference (n=4).
By chi-square (categorical variables) or t-value (continuous variables).
Bolded values indicate statistically significant differences at alpha <0.05
Includes Asian, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Middle Eastern, East Indian, and multiracial.
Defined as at least one family member or friend accompanying the patient at transplant evaluation.
Literacy score calculated using Newest Vital Sign, NVS, on a scale from 0 to 6.
Numeracy score calculated using the Lipkus scale, on a scale from 0 to 11.
Transplant Knowledge calculated using a 8-item questionnaire administered to patients prior to seeing a transplant nephrologist/surgeon at their transplant evaluation, on a scale from 0 to 9.