Table 3.
Comparison of the cephalometric measurements between manual and AI analyses
| Bias | Mean (mm) | SD (mm) |
95% limits of agreement (mm) | P valuea | Proportion within 95% limits of agreement (%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | |||||
| Skeletal measurements (9) | ||||||
| SNA (°) | 2.50 | 2.94 | -3.25 | 8.26 | 0.00 | 95.29 |
| SNB (°) | 2.21 | 2.76 | -3.21 | 7.62 | 0.00 | 95.29 |
| ANB (°) | 0.30 | 0.94 | -1.55 | 2.14 | 0.01 | 95.29 |
| SND (°) | 1.42 | 2.69 | -3.86 | 6.69 | 0.00 | 94.12 |
| NP-FH (°) | -1.50 | 1.60 | -4.63 | 1.63 | 0.00 | 91.76 |
| MP-FH (°) | 2.53 | 1.93 | -1.26 | 6.32 | 0.00 | 96.47 |
| MP-SN (°) | -0.94 | 3.19 | -7.19 | 5.31 | 0.01 | 96.47 |
| Y axis (°) | 1.22 | 1.98 | -2.66 | 5.11 | 0.00 | 95.29 |
| Pg-NB (mm) | -0.41 | 0.84 | -2.06 | 1.23 | 0.00 | 95.29 |
| Dental measurements (12) | ||||||
| U1-NA (mm) | -0.49 | 1.34 | -3.12 | 2.13 | 0.00 | 95.29 |
| U1-NA (°) | -0.36 | 3.03 | -6.29 | 5.58 | 0.28 | 95.29 |
| L1-NB (mm) | -0.56 | 0.93 | -2.37 | 1.26 | 0.00 | 95.29 |
| L1-NB (°) | 2.78 | 3.10 | -3.29 | 8.85 | 0.00 | 94.12 |
| U1-L1 (°) | -2.72 | 4.67 | -11.87 | 6.44 | 0.00 | 94.12 |
| U1-SN (°) | 2.14 | 4.06 | -5.81 | 10.09 | 0.00 | 98.82 |
| L1-MP (°) | 1.52 | 3.41 | -5.17 | 8.21 | 0.00 | 92.94 |
| L1-FH (°) | -4.05 | 3.44 | -10.80 | 2.70 | 0.00 | 95.29 |
| U1-AP (mm) | -0.15 | 0.84 | -1.79 | 1.48 | 0.10 | 96.47 |
| U1-AP (°) | 0.57 | 2.98 | -5.28 | 6.42 | 0.08 | 94.12 |
| L1-AP (mm) | -0.51 | 0.97 | -2.40 | 1.39 | 0.00 | 96.47 |
| L1-AP (°) | 2.15 | 3.33 | -4.38 | 8.67 | 0.00 | 96.47 |
| Soft tissue measurements (2) | ||||||
| LL-EP (mm) | -0.41 | 0.57 | -1.52 | 0.70 | 0.00 | 91.76 |
| UL-EP (mm) | -0.15 | 0.80 | -1.72 | 1.42 | 0.09 | 95.29 |
SD Standard deviation
aResults of a paired t test between manual and AI detection. All data were found to be normally distributed according to the Shapiro‒Wilk test