Table 5. Baseline characteristics, laboratory data, and radiological observations in patients with good and poor functional outcomes among those with a premorbid mRS score of 0–2.
| Total study subjects N= 635 |
Good functional outcome (mRS score, 0–2) N= 524 |
Poor functional outcome (mRS score, 3–6) N= 111 |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean±SD | 68.2±12.8 | 67.4±12.7 | 71.7±13.1 | ＜0.001 |
| Sex, female, no (%) | 204 (32.1) | 161 (30.7) | 43 (38.7) | 0.101 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.32±3.85 | 23.48±3.81 | 22.6±3.97 | 0.059 |
| NIHSS score on admission, median (IQR) | 2 (1–5) | 2 (1–3) | 6 (3–15) | ＜0.001 |
| Hypertension, no (%) | 452 (71.2) | 372 (71.0) | 80 (72.1) | 0.820 |
| Diabetes mellitus, no (%) | 159 (25.0) | 126 (24.0) | 33 (29.7) | 0.209 |
| Dyslipidemia, no (%) | 320 (50.4) | 265 (50.6) | 55 (49.5) | 0.845 |
| Cigarette smoking, no (%) | 177 (27.9) | 141 (26.9) | 36 (32.4) | 0.238 |
| Coronary artery disease, no (%) | 66 (10.4) | 58 (11.1) | 8 (7.2) | 0.226 |
| Previous history of ischemic stroke, no (%) | 109 (17.2) | 82 (15.2) | 27 (24.3) | 0.028 |
| Heart failure, no (%) | 16 (2.5) | 11 (2.1) | 5 (4.5) | 0.142 |
| CHADS2 score, median (IQR) | 2 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 0.008 |
| HbA1c (%) a | 6.13±1.17 | 6.08±1.02 | 6.38±1.72 | 0.084 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) b | 51.74±15.17 | 51.94±15.30 | 50.74±14.53 | 0.726 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) b | 112.88±33.47 | 112.40±33.47 | 115.21±35.3 | 0.434 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) c | 134.26±109.51 | 134.51±113.62 | 133.04±87.68 | 0.747 |
| eGFR | 67.58±24.95 | 67.56±24.82 | 67.68±25.65 | 0.364 |
|
BNP ＞100 pg/mL or NT-proBNP ＞300 pg/ mL, no (%) d |
159 (26.0) | 132 (26.2) | 27 (25.29 | 0.773 |
| D-dimer (μg/mL) | 3.03±16.84 | 1.89±4.05 | 8.40±39.00 | ＜0.001 |
| DWI lesion size | ＜0.001 | |||
| ＜1.5 cm | 279 (43.9) | 251 (47.9) | 28 (25.2) | |
| 1.5–3.0 cm | 168 (26.5) | 145 (27.7) | 23 (20.7) | |
| ＞3.0 cm | 188 (29.6) | 128 (24.4) | 60 (54.1) | |
| Multiple DWI lesions | 0.026 | |||
| Single lesion | 234 (36.9) | 203 (38.7) | 31 (27.3) | |
| Multiple lesions in one vascular territory | 231 (36.4) | 186 (35.5) | 45 (40.0) | |
| Multiple lesions in two vascular territories | 116 (18.3) | 96 (18.3) | 20 (19.8) | |
| Multiple lesions in three vascular territories | 54 (8.5) | 39 (7.4) | 15 (13.2) | |
| Therapy for secondary prevention | ||||
| Antiplatelet agents | 430 (67.7) | 375 (71.6) | 55 (49.5) | ＜0.001 |
| Anticoagulants | 211 (33.2) | 153 (29.2) | 58 (52.3) | ＜0.001 |
| Subset of ASC-CS, points | ||||
| A | 0.95±1.12 | 0.96±1.14 | 0.89±1.07 | 0.670 |
| S | 0.29±0.45 | 0.27±0.45 | 0.34±0.48 | 0.141 |
| C | 0.98±0.96 | 0.92±0.93 | 1.27±1.04 | 0.001 |
| A＋S | 1.24±1.30 | 1.24±1.32 | 1.23±1.23 | 0.765 |
| S＋C | 1.27±1.06 | 1.19±1.01 | 1.61±1.18 | 0.001 |
| A＋C | 1.93±1.35 | 1.89±1.33 | 2.16±1.42 | 0.056 |
| A＋S＋C | 2.22±1.50 | 2.16±1.48 | 2.50±1.57 | 0.037 |
The chi-square and the Mann–Whitney tests were used for comparisons.
mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health stroke scale; IQR, interquartile range; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular fibrillation rate; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; CRP, C-reactive protein; DWI, diffusion-weighted image
Missing values: a, n= 7; b, n= 5; c, n= 4; d, n= 24