Table 2.
Association between leisure‐time physical activity (and covariates) and sarcopenia (outcome) estimated by multivariable logistic regression (overall and by sex)
| Characteristic | Overall | Male | Female | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| POR | 95% CI | POR | 95% CI | POR | 95% CI | ||
| Leisure‐time physical activity (min/week) | >150 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| ≤150 | 1.85*** | [1.29–2.65] | 1.52 | [0.99–2.35] | 3.22*** | [1.82–5.68] | |
| Age (years) | Per 1‐year increase | 1.13*** | [1.11–1.15] | 1.11*** | [1.09–1.14] | 1.15*** | [1.12–1.19] |
| Sex | Female | 1.00 | |||||
| Male | 1.53*** | [1.20–1.95] | |||||
| Wealth | Poorest | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Poorer | 0.74 | [0.54–1.02] | 0.74 | [0.47–1.17] | 0.80 | [0.49–1.31] | |
| Middle | 0.62* | [0.43–0.89] | 0.55* | [0.34–0.89] | 0.78 | [0.49–1.24] | |
| Richer | 0.50*** | [0.37–0.67] | 0.50** | [0.30–0.83] | 0.49*** | [0.34–0.72] | |
| Richest | 0.36*** | [0.26–0.51] | 0.32*** | [0.19–0.52] | 0.39*** | [0.23–0.67] | |
| Education | ≤Primary | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Secondary | 0.75 | [0.55–1.01] | 0.62** | [0.44–0.88] | 0.68 | [0.33–1.39] | |
| Tertiary | 0.63 | [0.36–1.09] | 0.57 | [0.33–1.01] | 0.35 | [0.08–1.60] | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | <18.5 | 0.59** | [0.40–0.87] | 0.31*** | [0.18–0.54] | 1.17 | [0.71–1.91] |
| 18.5–24.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 25.0–29.9 | 1.46** | [1.11–1.93] | 2.53*** | [1.80–3.55] | 0.92 | [0.59–1.41] | |
| ≥30.0 | 2.04** | [1.33–3.15] | 6.21*** | [3.12–12.38] | 1.00 | [0.58–1.72] | |
| Number of chronic conditions | 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 1 | 1.23 | [0.88–1.72] | 1.22 | [0.78–1.91] | 1.20 | [0.67–2.15] | |
| ≥2 | 1.63** | [1.15–2.33] | 1.54 | [0.93–2.55] | 1.71 | [0.95–3.05] | |
| ADL difficulty | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 1.71* | [1.09–2.67] | 1.37 | [0.82–2.27] | 2.08* | [1.07–4.07] | |
| Smoking | Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Past | 1.02 | [0.70–1.50] | 1.02 | [0.66–1.58] | 0.83 | [0.37–1.86] | |
| Current | 0.90 | [0.65–1.24] | 0.74 | [0.52–1.04] | 1.39 | [0.84–2.28] | |
| Alcohol consumption | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 0.72 | [0.48–1.07] | 0.69 | [0.42–1.12] | 0.89 | [0.52–1.53] | |
| Occupational physical activity (min/week) | >150 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| ≤150 | 0.84 | [0.64–1.10] | 0.87 | [0.60–1.26] | 0.78 | [0.55–1.10] | |
| Active travel (min/week) | >150 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| ≤150 | 1.02 | [0.79–1.33] | 0.97 | [0.69–1.36] | 1.11 | [0.72–1.72] | |
Note: Models are adjusted for all variables in the respective column and country. The n for leisure‐time physical activity > 150 and ≤150 min/week was 1204 and 12 994, respectively.
Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living; CI, confidence interval; POR, prevalence odds ratio.
*
P value < 0.05.
**
P value < 0.01.
***
P value < 0.001.