Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate analyses for cancer cachexia in the development cohort.

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Age, years	1.014 (1.009–1.020)	0.000
Sex, male	1.103 (0.976–1.247)	0.117
Smoke, former/current	1.119 (0.961–1.302)	0.147
Drink, former/current	1.017 (0.859–1.205)	0.845
Co‐morbidity, yes	0.964 (0.849–1.095)	0.576
Respiratory co‐morbidity, yes	1.511 (0.893–2.557)	0.124
Cardiovascular co‐morbidity, yes	0.997 (0.873–1.139)	0.968
Diabetes, yes	0.903 (0.732–1.114)	0.340
Time from symptom onset to hospitalization, month	1.220 (1.188–1.254)	0.000	1.143 (1.109–1.178)	0.000
Neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio	1.105 (1.081–1.128)	0.000	1.094 (1.069–1.119)	0.000
Platelet‐lymphocyte ratio	1.003 (1.002–1.003)	0.000
Albumin, g/L	0.956 (0.942–0.969)	0.000
Haemoglobin, g/L	0.987 (0.985–0.989)	0.000
Weight, kg	0.953 (0.948–0.959)	0.000
BMI, kg/m2	0.831 (0.815–0.848)	0.000	0.874 (0.854–0.895)	0.000
SMI, cm2/m2	0.941 (0.934–0.948)	0.000	0.977 (0.968–0.986)	0.000
Appetite loss, yes	1.988 (1.750–2.259)	0.000	1.589 (1.384–1.825)	0.000
Cancer site	Reference		Reference
Liver	4.739 (3.369–6.668)	0.000	3.925 (2.755–5.592)	0.000
Gallbladder	8.229 (5.813–11.648)	0.000	7.788(5.418–11.193)	0.000
Pancreas	6.176 (4.702–8.111)	0.000	4.984 (3.756–6.615)	0.000
Stomach	3.430 (2.601–4.523)	0.000	2.679 (2.012–3.568)	0.000
Colorectum
Cancer stage, n (%)
I	Reference		Reference
II	1.342 (1.138–1.583)	0.000	1.311 (1.100–1.563)	0.002
III	2.448 (2.091–2.866)	0.000	1.959 (1.654–2.320)	0.000
IV	3.136 (2.466–3.988)	0.000	2.496 (1.915–3.253)	0.000
Histologic type, differentiated	1.084 (0.966–1.217)	0.168
Abnormal tumour biomarker, yes	1.182 (0.962–1.452)	0.112

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SMI, skeletal muscle index; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.