Table 1.
CAF and ageing, sarcopenia or frailty. Total number of participants, number of sarcopenic (S), non sarcopenic (NS), healthy controls (HC) or physically frail and sarcopenic (PF&S) and non‐physically frail and sarcopenic (NPF&S) participants involved in the studies
| Population | Finding | Reference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (sex) | Age (yrs) | Definition of sarcopenia | CAF concentration | Correction applied | |
| Ageing | |||||
| 169 all‐age individuals (86 F, 83 M) | 19–74 | N/A | Increase with increasing age, more marked in S | None | Hettwer et al., 2013 26 |
| 200 healthy adults (103 F, 97 M) | 18 to over 65 | N/A | Increase with increasing age, significant in females | Age | Yu et al., 2017 53 |
|
15 young M 15 old M |
21 (young) 72 (old) |
N/A | No differences | None | Hester et al., 2022 54 |
| Sarcopenia | |||||
|
133 elderlies 73 S; 60 HC (62 F; 71 M) |
71 | EWGSOP(Cruz‐Jentoft et al., 2010) | S > HC* | Age, sex, disease, confounding effects | Hettwer et al., 2013 26 |
|
42 hip fractured elderlies 7 S; 35 NS (32 F, 10 M) |
83 | EWGSOP(Cruz‐Jentoft et al., 2010) | S > NS* | Variables showing a significant difference between S and NS at the univariate analysis | Marzetti et al., 2014 32 |
|
332 elderlies 101 S; 231 NS (225 F, 107 M) |
85–88 | EWGSOP(Cruz‐Jentoft et al., 2010) | S > NS* | Age‐cognitive capacity, daily physical activity, disease | Landi et al., 2016 25 |
| 150 very old hip‐fractured 140 S; 9 NS (118 F, 32M) | 87 |
EWGSOP2(Cruz‐Jentoft et al., 2019) |
S > NS |
None | Sanchez‐Castellano et al., 2020 59 |
| 87 COPD and chronic heart failure free elderlies (87 M) | 63 | Low SPPB score or SARC‐F questionnaire | S > NS* | None | Qaisar et al., 2021 30 |
|
300 elderlies 31 S; 269 NS (150 F; 150 M) |
64 | EWGSOP2(Cruz‐Jentoft et al., 2019) | S > NS* | Age and BMI | Pratt et al., 2021 60 |
|
200 elderlies 100 PF&S; 100 NPF&S (125 F, 75 M) |
75–78 | EWGSOP(Cruz‐Jentoft et al., 2010) | PF&S males > NPF&S males | Analysed through a multi‐block method called SO‐CovSel | Calvani et al., 2021 17 |
SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery; yrs, years.
SARC‐F questionnaire: tool developed to assess sarcopenia. It comprises various measures of functional independence such as strength, assistance in walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs and falls.
Statistically significant.