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. 2023 Feb 11;14(2):730–744. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13189

Table 2.

CAF and physical activity. Sample size, average age and sex of the different population undergoing exercise training protocols and the effects of training intervention of CAF concentration

Population Exercise type Duration CAF changes Reference
N Age(yrs) Sex
69 pre‐frail (according to previous study 74 ) elderlies 76–79 M + F

‐ Power training

‐ Strength training

‐ Control

 12 wks

  • ↓ (initially high CAF participants)

  • = (initially low CAF participants)

  • Trend for higher efficacy of power training

 Drey et al., 2013 24
23 elderlies 70–71 M + F

‐ Resistance training

‐ Control

 6 wks = (trend for increase) in intervention group Fragala et al., 2014 76
26 elderlies 70–72 M + F

‐ Skiing

‐ Control

 12 wks = Narici et al., 2015 80
333 elderlies with SPPB <9 77 M + F

‐ Mixed aerobic, strength and balance training

‐Control (health education)

 12 mo. = Bondoc et al., 2015 55

12 peri‐menopause

23 post‐menopause

48

57

 F ‐ Resistance training 10 wks

  • ↑ (peri‐menopause)

  • ↓ (post‐menopause)

 Willoughby et al., 2020 77
30 elderlies 60 M

‐ Functional training

‐ Functional training with blood flow restriction

‐ Control

 6 wks ↓ in intervention groups Bigdeli et al., 2020 75
46 obese elderlies mild‐to‐moderately frail 71 M + F

‐ Aerobic training

‐ Aerobic and resistance training

‐ Resistance training

‐ Control

 6 mo. = Colloluori et al., 2020 78
37 healthy elderlies 71 M + F

‐ Dance

‐ General fitness training

 24 mo.

  • ↓ (dance)

  • = (general fitness)

 Franchi et al., 2022 79
24 healthy elderlies 63 M + F

‐ Dual task (treadmill and cognitive)

‐ Dual task and blood‐flow restriction

‐ Control

 8 wks
  • ↓ (dual task + blood flow restriction)
  • ↓ (dual task, n.s.)
 Kargaran et al., 2021 82
123 patients after stroke 70 M + F ‐ Rehabilitation programme 4 wks

  • ↓ after rehabilitation

  • Remained higher than controls also after rehabilitation

 Scherbakov et al., 2016 31
84 patients with COPD 70 M ‐ Pulmonary rehabilitation 6 mo.

  • ↓ after rehabilitation

  • Remained higher than controls also after rehabilitation

 Karim et al., 2021 67

=, non changes; ↑, increase; ↓, decrease; mo., months; wks, weeks.