Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of all participants (N = 9450)
| Characteristics | N (%) |
|---|---|
| Age group (years) | |
| 65–74 | 3986 (42.2) |
| 75–84 | 3608 (38.2) |
| ≥85 | 1856 (19.6) |
| Male | 4051 (42.9) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| Non‐Hispanic White | 6479 (68.6) |
| Non‐Hispanic Black | 2005 (21.2) |
| Hispanic | 574 (6.1) |
| Other a | 392 (4.1) |
| Community | 9006 (95.3) |
| Married or living with a partner | 4765 (50.4) |
| Educational levels | |
| <High school | 2294 (24.3) |
| High school | 2558 (27.1) |
| Some college | 2463 (26.1) |
| ≥College graduate | 2135 (22.6) |
| Smoking status | |
| Never | 4688 (49.6) |
| Former | 4039 (42.7) |
| Current | 723 (7.7) |
| Chronic pain | |
| No pain | 4310 (45.6) |
| Bothersome pain | 2348 (24.8) |
| Activity‐limiting pain | 2792 (29.5) |
| Frailty states | |
| Non‐frail | 3292 (34.8) |
| Pre‐frail | 4548 (48.1) |
| Frail | 1610 (17.0) |
a
Other race/ethnicity includes American Indian, Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander or other.