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. 2023 Mar 20;14:1170243. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1170243

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Copyright © 2023 Ding, Liao, Yang, Wei, Xing, Wu, Li, Mao and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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CHR alleviates synovial fibrosis in KOA rats. (A) Representative images of synovial sections stained with Masson and examined at ×200 magnification. n = 6. Scale bars: 50 μm. (B) Quantitative analysis of the synovial fibrosis score. (C) Representative images of synovial sections stained with Sirius red and examined at ×200 magnification. n = 6. Scale bars: 50 μm. (D) Quantitative analysis of type I collagen (% area) in each group. (E) Immunoblot analysis of TGF-β, COL1A1, PLOD2, and TIMP1. (F) Protein levels of TGF-β, COL1A1, PLOD2, and TIMP1 in the groups. n = 3 per group. The data in this figure are presented as the mean ± standard deviation, and statistical significance was determined with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc analysis. ∗p < 0.05.