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. 2023 Mar 20;14:1170243. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1170243

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Copyright © 2023 Ding, Liao, Yang, Wei, Xing, Wu, Li, Mao and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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CHR downregulates the expression of proteins related to the PERK/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling axis in KOA rats. (A) Immunohistochemical analysis of synovium slices from sham, KOA or CHR rats using anti-GRP78, anti-ATF-6, and anti-TXNIP antibodies at ×200 magnification. n = 6. Scale bars: 50 μm. The positive areas were mainly around the synovial membrane and vessels (black arrow). (B–D) The percentage of GRP78-, ATF-6- and TXNIP-positive areas in each group. (E) The protein levels of p-PERK/PERK, p-IRE1α/IRE1α, CHOP, TXNIP and NLRP3 were determined. (F) The levels of these proteins in the sham, KOA, CHR-L and CHR-H groups. n = 3 per group. The data in this figure are presented as the mean ± standard deviation, and statistical significance was determined with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc analysis. ∗p < 0.05.