Table 2.
Primary and secondary outcomes.
| PIFB group (n = 25) | Control group (n = 25) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time to extubation, mean ± SD, hour | 9.4 ± 4.1 | 12.1 ± 4.6 | 0.002* |
| Sufentanil consumption during surgery, mean ± SD, μg | 153.2 ± 48.3 | 199.4 ± 51.7 | 0.031* |
| Hydromorphone consumption within 24 h, mean ± SD, mg | 1.9 ± 1.3 | 2.1 ± 1.7 | 0.740 |
| Moderate to severe pain, n (%) | 5 (20) | 10 (40) | 0.123 |
| Opioid-related adverse events, n (%) | 11 (44) | 9 (36) | 0.564 |
| Nausea and vomiting | 5 (20) | 2 (8) | 0.415 |
| Pruritus | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
| Urinary retention | 1 (4) | 3 (12) | 0.602 |
| Dizziness | 5 (20) | 4 (16) | 1.000 |
| Length of stay in ICU, mean ± SD, hour | 33.2 ± 24.7 | 37.0 ± 26.7 | 0.604 |
| Time to drain removal, mean ± SD, hour | 81.8 ± 23.7 | 76.9 ± 11.4 | 0.350 |
| Length of hospital stay, mean ± SD, day | 10.3 ± 5.3 | 10.1 ± 6.3 | 0.904 |
PIFB, pecto-intercostal fascial block; ICU, intensive care unit; and SD, standard deviation.