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. 2023 Mar 10;482(4):653–669. doi: 10.1007/s00428-023-03523-8

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© The Author(s) 2023, corrected publication 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Diagrammatic representation of the gross phenotype of normal heart and primary inherited cardiomyopathies at short axis cut. Normal heart, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). Note that in primary RCM, at cross section, the phenotype is usually not distinct from normal heart, and atrial dilatation in the absence valvular and endocardial diseases is the red flag at gross examination