Table 2.

Characteristics of finalized 27 indicators of QoC in individuals with TSCI.

Pre-hospital indicators
	Indicator	Domain of care	Note
1	What proportion of eligible patients are properly immobilized with A: cervical collar B: spine board	Safety
2	What proportion of patients are transferred to the first care facility within one hour of injury?	Timeliness	The first care facility is where the patient is stabilized.
3	What proportion of patients are transferred to the final care facility within eight hours of injury?	Timeliness	Final care facility is a referral center where definitive care (surgical or non-surgical) is provided.
In-hospital indicators
1	What proportion of patients undergo decompression surgery within 24 h of injury?	Timeliness
2	What is the inpatient mortality rate of patients?	Effectiveness
3	How long is the patients’ length of stay based on the severity of spinal cord injury ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) in the acute phase of care?	Efficiency	The length of stay of patients should be reported separately based on the severity of the injury in each patient (AIS A-D)
4	How long is patients’ length of stay in the ICU based on the severity of the spinal cord injury (AIS)?	Efficiency	The length of stay of patients should be reported separately based on the severity of the injury in each patient (AIS A-D)
5	What proportion of patients develop pressure ulcer during their first admission?	Safety, Effectiveness	The grade, size, and depth of pressure ulcers should be reported for individuals based on the severity of the injury (AIS A-D)
6	What proportion of AIS-A and AIS-B SCI patients develop pressure ulcers during first admission?	Safety, Effectiveness	The grade, size, and depth of pressure ulcers should be reported for individuals based on the severity of the injury (AIS A-D)
7	What proportion of patients develop a urinary tract infection (UTI) during their first admission?	Safety, Effectiveness	Both asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic UTI should be reported separately.
8	What proportion of SCI-equipped centers in a catchment area have 24 h availability of operating room for early decompression (<24 h)?	Timeliness, Equity	24/7 Availability of operating room include personnel, surgical instrument, spinal fixation instrument. Since spinal fixation instrument would be brought by private company, they aren’t available in all time in many centers, specifically small town.
9	What proportion of SCI-equipped centers in a specific area has 24 h availability of MRI?	Timeliness, Equity
10	What proportion of SCI-equipped centers in a specific area has 24 h availability of CT scan?	Timeliness, Equity
11	What is the readmission rate of patients due to SCI or complications in the first year following SCI?	Effectiveness	SCI-related complications/problems include: Bladder management problems UTI Problems with defecation (Gastrointestinal regulation) Pressure ulcer management Respiratory tract infection
12	What proportion of patients received evidence-based anticoagulant [28] prophylaxis to prevent thromboembolic events?	Safety, Effectiveness
Post-hospital indicators
1	What is the Quality of life (QoL) of the main patient’s caregiver?	Patient-centered care	The main caregiver of the patient is a family member, friend, or a nurse who lives with the patient and is responsible for his / her care.
2	What is the rate of secondary complications of SCI within the 1st year after injury?	Safety, Effectiveness	Chronic pain Bladder dysfunction UTI Bowel dysfunction Spasticity, Autonomy dysreflexia Pressure ulcer
3	What proportion of patients who need a wheelchair -individuals with paraplegia or tetraplegia- have access to a wheelchair within one year after injury?	Equity
4	What proportion of patients have access to a modified car for driving within one year after injury?	Equity
5	What is the employment rate of patients within one year after injury?	Equity
6	How much does the patient’s functional independence improve within one year after injury?	Effectiveness	SCIM-III score change for patients from the first admission and in the follow-up session 1 year after the injury
7	What is the mortality rate of SCI patients within one year after injury?	Effectiveness
8	What proportion of patients develop pressure ulcer in the first year following discharge?	Safety, Effectiveness	The grade, size, and depth of pressure ulcers should be reported for individuals based on the severity of the injury (AIS A-D)
9	What is the prevalence of moderate to severe (grade 3 and 4) pressure ulcers in patients in the first year following SCI?	Safety, Effectiveness	The grade, size, and depth of pressure ulcers should be reported for individuals based on the severity of the injury (AIS A-D)
In and post-hospital indicators
1	What proportion of patients are satisfied with their pain control measures?	Patient-centered care	Patients would rate their satisfaction with pain control on a 0–10 verbal scale.
2	How do health-related indicators of patients’ QoL change from discharge to one year later?	Effectiveness	The QoL of patients should be evaluated with a valid questionnaire at two time points: 1. On the day of discharge from the hospital 2. In a follow-up session one year after discharge
3	What is the patient’s satisfaction with the QoC received A: during the first admission B: during the first year of injury	Patient-centered care	Satisfaction is measured on a 0–10 VAS. 0 means no satisfaction and 10 means totally satisfied.