Table 3.

List of studies by participant type.

Young learners	Primary school students	Chen (2020), Chen Y.T. et al. (2022), Danaei et al. (2020), Lan et al. (2018a,b), Wen (2021), Yang et al. (2021)
	Secondary school students	Alfadil (2020), Chen et al. (2019), Chen et al. (2020), Chen M. P. et al. (2022), Chien et al. (2020), Huang et al. (2020), Lan et al. (2019), Li et al. (2020)*, Ouyang et al. (2020), Tai (2022), Tai et al. (2022), and Van Ginkel et al. (2020)
Adult learners	University students	Bacca-Acosta et al. (2022), Barrett et al. (2021), Chen and Hsu (2020), Chin and Wang (2021), DeWitt et al. (2022), Ebadi and Ebadijalal (2022), Fu et al. (2019), Fuhrman et al. (2020), Hsu (2022), Lee and Park (2020), Li et al. (2020)*, Liaw (2019), Ng et al. (2022), Raua et al. (2018), Shadiev et al. (2020), Shadiev et al. (2021), Teo et al. (2022), Thrasher (2022), Wang et al. (2021), Yeh and Tseng (2020)
Unspecified		Rho et al. (2020)

^*Li et al. (2020) investigated students at both secondary and university levels.