Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of included participants
| Variable | Full endoscopic (n = 30) | Tubular-based microscopic (n = 30) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 57.2 ± 9.38 | 55.73 ± 10.04 |
| Gender, n (%) | ||
| Female | 21 (70%) | 17 (56.7%) |
| Male | 9 (30%) | 13 (43.3%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.39 ± 4.98 | 24.26 ± 15.36 |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | 2 (6.67%) | 0 (%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0 (0%) | 2 (6.67%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6 (20%) | 2 (6.7%) |
| Hypertension | 14 (46.7%) | 12 (40%) |
| Depression | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.33%) |
| Other musculoskeletal diseases | 2 (6.67%) | 4 (13.3%) |
| Predominant side, n (%) | ||
| Left | 17 (56.7%) | 22 (73.3%) |
| Right | 13 (43.3%) | 8 (26.7%) |
| Area of the stenosis, n (%) | ||
| Central and lateral recess stenosis | 27 (90%) | 25 (83.3%) |
| Central stenosis | 1 (3.3%) | 2 (6.7%) |
| Lateral recess stenosis | 2 (6.7%) | 3 (10%) |
| Affected level, n (%) | ||
| L3/4 or above | 2 (6.7%) | 3 (10%) |
| L4/5 | 27 (90%) | 27 (90%) |
| L5/S1 | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0%) |
| VAS back pain | 7.5 ± 2.49 | 6.43 ± 3.04 |
| VAS leg pain | 6.83 ± 2.45 | 7.5 ± 2.16 |
| ODI | 43.29 ± 15.8 | 45.1 ± 18.92 |
| EQ-5D | 0.419 ± 0.2107 | 0.3191 ± 0.2926 |
| Walking time | 9.56 ± 15.91 | 15.5 ± 15.63 |
BMI body mass index; VAS visual analog scale; ODI Oswestry Disability Index; EQ-5D European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation unless stated to be number and percentage, n (%)